Izindlela Zokuphatha Ezibalulekile Zenkathi Yokuqhakaza Kwezimbali: Ezithinta Ngokuqondile Isivuno Nekhwalithi

Isikhathi esisukela ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza kuya ekuvuvukeni kwezithelo ezincane senza isigaba esibaluleke kakhulu emjikelezweni wokukhula kwamagilebhisi. Ukusebenza ngempumelelo kokuphatha ngalesi sigaba kunquma ngqo kokubili isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yamagilebhisi akhiqizwa kulo nyaka. Izinto ezibalulekile zokuphatha zalesi sikhathi zibalulwe ngezansi:

Ngaphakathi komjikelezo wokukhiqiza amagilebhisi, ubude besikhathi kusukela ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza kuya ekupheleni kwawo ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezi-4 kuya kweziyi-14 onyakeni ojwayelekile, kanti izimo eziningi zingena phakathi kwebanga lezinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kweziyi-12.

Izici eziyinhloko ezithonya ukuqhakaza kwezimbali zamagilebhisi kanye nokuhlelwa kwezithelo zihlanganisa izinga lokushisa, umswakama, izimo zesomiso, nomoya. Isiteji sokuqhakaza sibeka izidingo eziphezulu ekushiseni; amagilebhisi aqhakaza kakhulu lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaphezu kuka-25°C, izinga lokushisa elifanele libe ngu-27.5°C. Ngokuphambene, uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lehla ngaphansi kuka-15°C, amagilebhisi awakwazi ukuqhakaza ngendlela evamile, futhi izinqubo zokuvundisa zizovinjelwa.

Umswakama ofanelekile ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza ungama-56%; izimo ezibandakanya imvula enkulu noma isomiso zizoba nomthelela omubi kokubili ukuqhakaza kanye nempova. Izinga lomswakama ophezulu wenhlabathi livame ukuvusa izimbali ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kanti amazinga omswakama ophansi wenhlabathi abangela ukubambezeleka kokuqhakaza. Umoya ungesinye isici esibalulekile esithinta ukuqhakaza kwezimbali; imimoya enamandla ilimaza inqubo futhi ingabhebhethekisa ukuwa kwembali.

Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwamagilebhisi, isikhathi esiphezulu sokuqhakaza senzeka nsuku zonke phakathi kuka-6:00 AM kanye no-11:00 AM, nomsebenzi oshubile kakhulu owenziwa phakathi kuka-7:00 AM no-9:00 AM. Isikhathi esenzeka ezinsukwini ezi-3 kuya kwezi-5 ngemuva kokuqhakaza siphawula isigaba sokuqala sokwehla kwesithelo sokuphila. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwamagilebhisi, inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba lisetshenziswa ukusekela ukuqhakaza, ukuhlukaniswa kwezimbali zezimbali, nokukhula kwamahlumela namaqabunga. Ngenxa yalokho, kunokuncintisana okukhulu kwezakhamzimba phakathi kokukhula kwemifino (amahlumela namaqabunga) nokukhula kokuzala (izimbali nezithelo) ngalesi sikhathi. Uma inani elingalingani lezakhamzimba liphambukiselwa ekukhuleni kwamahlumela amasha, okushiya izidingo zomsoco zokuzala zingafezeki, kungaholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwehlumela ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Lokhu kwehla kungase kuqhubeke njengoba imbali iwa ngemva kokuqhakaza, ngaleyo ndlela kwehlise izinga lokumiswa kwezithelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma amazinga omswakama wenhlabathi edlula ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza-okuholela ekungeneni kahle kwezimpande - ukumuncwa kwezakhi kuzophazamiseka, okungaholela ekuweni kwezimbali. Uma kubhekwa izimo ezithile kanye nezici zomzimba zokuqhakaza kwamagilebhisi, ukuphathwa kokukhiqiza ngalesi sikhathi kufanele kubeke phambili lezi zici ezibalulekile ezilandelayo:


1. Ukuvundisa Okungeziwe:
Ukuze kuncishiswe ukuncintisana ngemisoco phakathi kokukhula kwezitshalo nokuzalayo phakathi nesigaba sokuqhakaza—futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwanelise izidingo zomsoco zokuqhakaza izimbali nesethi yezithelo—ukuvundiswa okungeziwe kufanele kusetshenziswe ngaphambi nangemva kokuqhakaza. Ukwengeza, isixazululo esingu-0.2%–0.3% se-boric acid noma i-borax kufanele sifuthwe ngaphambi kokuqhakaza ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwelulwa kweshubhu lempova futhi kuthuthukiswe izinga lokusetha isithelo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukunakwa okucophelela kufanele kukhokhwe ekuphathweni komvini ukuze kuthuthukiswe umoya kanye nokungena okukhanyayo ngaphakathi kwesivini. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali zamagilebhisi, ukuze kongiwe ukusetshenziswa kwezakhamzimba, ukwenziwa ngesikhathi kwemisebenzi efana nokubopha umvini, ukususwa kwamahlumela asemaceleni, ukunqunywa kwehlumela, ukuncinza kwesihloko seqoqo, kanye nokususwa kwamaqoqo esibili kubalulekile.

2. Qinisa Izinga Lokushisa Nomswakama
Kumagilebhisi atshalwa ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, ukunakwa okuqinile kufanele kukhokhwe ekulawuleni izinga lokushisa langaphakathi kanye nomswakama. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokuhluma kwempova kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kahle kwempova nokuvundisa. Iziqondiso zokulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kwe-greenhouse zimi kanje: amazinga okushisa emini kufanele agcinwe cishe ku-28°C, kanti ebusuku kufanele agcinwe phakathi kuka-16°C no-18°C. Mayelana nokulawula umswakama: lapho isigaba sokuqhakaza sesiqala, ukuchelela kufanele kumiswe; Umswakama womoya ongaphakathi kwe-greenhouse kufanele ugcinwe cishe u-50%, futhi umoya omncane uyadingeka. Kumagilebhisi atshalwe ezindaweni ezivulekile, ukulawula izinga lokushisa okunembile kunzima ukukufeza; kodwa-ke, amazinga omswakama wenhlabathi angalawuleka-ngezinyathelo ezinjengokuxegisa umhlabathi kanye nokunciphisa umswakama-ukuze kwakhiwe indawo evumela ukuqhakaza nezithelo.

3. Beka Eqhulwini Ukucwenga Nokulungisa Amaqoqo Ezimbali
Lokhu kuhlanganisa isilinganiso esibalulekile sokulawula isivuno ngokunengqondo nokuqinisekisa ukuthi amaqoqo ezithelo ayafana futhi ahleleke kahle; ngakho-ke, kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu.

4. Yenza Impova Eyengeziwe Yokwenziwa Ezinhlobonhlobo Ezisebenzayo Zabesifazane
Izinhlobo eziningi zamagilebhisi zinezimbali ze-hermaphroditic futhi zingavundiswa ngokwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezisebenzayo zezinsikazi-ngenxa yokonakala kwe-stamens yazo-zidinga impova eyengeziwe ukuze zithole isivuno esiphezulu. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kugcizelelwe kakhulu umkhuba wokwenziwa kwempova okungeziwe.

5. Faka Izilawuli Zokukhula Kwezitshalo Ngesikhathi Esifanele Ezinhlotsheni Ezidinga Ukwelashwa Kokungabi Nambewu
Isibonelo, ezinhlotsheni ezingaphakathi kozalo lwe-"Jufeng", ukwelashwa kokuqala kusetshenziswa i-GA3 kufanele kusetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza okuphezulu, okulandelwa ukwelashwa kwesibili kwamaqoqo ezithelo ezinsukwini eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-15 kamuva.

6. Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane Nezifo
Ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezine ngaphambi kokuqala kokuqhakaza, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ama-fungicides okuvimbela kanye nama-insecticide. Kufanele kubekwe eqhulwini ekulawuleni izinambuzane nezifo ezilandelayo: i-Botrytis cinerea (i-Gray Mold), i-Anthracnose, i-Downy Mildew, i-Cluster Stem Blight, i-Clearwing Moths, ne-Scarab Beetles.