Oyang'anira chomera chomera ndi zotsatira zawo zosiyanasiyana kubzala tirigu
Mu kubzala tirigu, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino makonzedwe okwera azomera (magrs) amatha kukulitsa kukula, kusintha kupsinjika ndikuwonjezera zipatso. Otsatirawa ndi oyang'anira komanso ntchito zawo m'njira zosiyanasiyana:
I. Kufesa Mmera
1. Gibberellic acid (ga₃)
- Ntchito: bweretsani mbewu yambewu ndikulimbikitsa kumera.
- Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Zilowerere nthangala zokhala ndi zovuta kwambiri (10-20 ppm) musanafesere.
2. 1-Nafithyl acetic acid (Naa) kapena ufa (Abt)
- Ntchito: Kulimbikitsa mizu ndikuwonjezera mbande kupsinjika.
- Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Sakanizani nthangala kapena kupopera masamba pa nthawi ya mmera.
Ii. Kutalika kwa gawo limodzi
1. Paclobutrazol (PP₃₃) kapena Uniconazole
- Ntchito: Tibbit tsinde elongition ndikupewa malo ogona pambuyo pake; limbikitsani kulimbitsa m'makutu.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito: utsi musanayambe kulumikizana (kukhazikika kwa pafupifupi 100-150 ppm).
2. Chlormequat chloride (CCC)
- Zotsatira: Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali ndikuwonjezera kukana.
- Kugwiritsa Ntchito: utsi kumapeto koyambirira kwa kulumikizana (0,2% -0.3% yankho).
Iii. Kubowoleza kwa maluwa
1. Brassinolide (Br)
- Zotsatira: Sinthani zithunzi zothandiza, limbikitsani kupatsidwa makutu, komanso kuchepetsa kusakanikirana koyambitsidwa chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri kapena chilala.
- Kugwiritsa Ntchito: utsi pa gawo la bootting (0,01-0.05 ppm).
2. Sodium nitnofnolate
- Zotsatira: Kuchepetsa phytotoxicity kapena kupsinjika ndi kukulitsa mphamvu ya mungu.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito: utsi musanayambe maluwa (1.8% am'madzi am'madzi osokoneza bongo a 2000-3000).
Iv. Kudzaza tirigu kukhwima
1. Ethephoni
- Zotsatira: Kulimbikitsa kudzipha kwamiyendo komanso kumathandizira kukhwima (kugwiritsa ntchito mosamala kuti mupewe kukalamba musanakwane).
- Kugwiritsa ntchito: utsi wotsika kwambiri m'masamba okwanira.
2. Potaziyamu Dihydrogen Phosphate + urea
- Ntchito: Kuthanitsani michere kwa masamba, kukulitsa nthawi yamasamba, ndikuchulukitsa kunenepa.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito: utsi mu nthawi yodzaza (0.3% potaziyamu diIhphaten phosphate + 1% urea).
V. Tsitsani Mavuto
1.
- Ntchito: Kutsutsa Matenda Otsutsa (monga powdery sdowdew, dzimbiri), sinthani chilala cha chilala / kupsinjika mchere.
2. Abscisic acid (Aba)
- Ntchito: Kukaniza kwa chilala ndi kuchepetsa madzi.
Vi. Njira zina zobzala
- Kutulutsa kwa nyanja
- Humric acid: Sinthani malo a dothi ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu.
Kusamalitsa
1. Mlingo wambiri: Mlingo wochuluka ungayambitse kukula kapena phytotoxicity.
2. Kuingka nthawi ndikofunikira:
3.
4. Kusakanikirana kugwirizana: pewani kusakaniza ndi mankhwala a alkaline percyctives ndikuchita mayeso ang'onoang'ono.
Chidule
Othandizira owongolera azomera amafunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito mogwirizana ndi mitundu ya tirigu, malo ndi dothi. Cholinga chachikulu ndikugwirizanitsa kukula kwa masamba ndi kukula kwa kubereka. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zothandiza, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zachiwerewere (kubzala koyenera kubzala, madzi ndi feteleza wowongolera) monga maziko, ndikutanthauza chitsogozo cha madipatimenti aulimi othandiza.
I. Kufesa Mmera
1. Gibberellic acid (ga₃)
- Ntchito: bweretsani mbewu yambewu ndikulimbikitsa kumera.
- Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Zilowerere nthangala zokhala ndi zovuta kwambiri (10-20 ppm) musanafesere.
2. 1-Nafithyl acetic acid (Naa) kapena ufa (Abt)
- Ntchito: Kulimbikitsa mizu ndikuwonjezera mbande kupsinjika.
- Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Sakanizani nthangala kapena kupopera masamba pa nthawi ya mmera.
Ii. Kutalika kwa gawo limodzi
1. Paclobutrazol (PP₃₃) kapena Uniconazole
- Ntchito: Tibbit tsinde elongition ndikupewa malo ogona pambuyo pake; limbikitsani kulimbitsa m'makutu.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito: utsi musanayambe kulumikizana (kukhazikika kwa pafupifupi 100-150 ppm).
2. Chlormequat chloride (CCC)
- Zotsatira: Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali ndikuwonjezera kukana.
- Kugwiritsa Ntchito: utsi kumapeto koyambirira kwa kulumikizana (0,2% -0.3% yankho).
Iii. Kubowoleza kwa maluwa
1. Brassinolide (Br)
- Zotsatira: Sinthani zithunzi zothandiza, limbikitsani kupatsidwa makutu, komanso kuchepetsa kusakanikirana koyambitsidwa chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri kapena chilala.
- Kugwiritsa Ntchito: utsi pa gawo la bootting (0,01-0.05 ppm).
2. Sodium nitnofnolate
- Zotsatira: Kuchepetsa phytotoxicity kapena kupsinjika ndi kukulitsa mphamvu ya mungu.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito: utsi musanayambe maluwa (1.8% am'madzi am'madzi osokoneza bongo a 2000-3000).
Iv. Kudzaza tirigu kukhwima
1. Ethephoni
- Zotsatira: Kulimbikitsa kudzipha kwamiyendo komanso kumathandizira kukhwima (kugwiritsa ntchito mosamala kuti mupewe kukalamba musanakwane).
- Kugwiritsa ntchito: utsi wotsika kwambiri m'masamba okwanira.
2. Potaziyamu Dihydrogen Phosphate + urea
- Ntchito: Kuthanitsani michere kwa masamba, kukulitsa nthawi yamasamba, ndikuchulukitsa kunenepa.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito: utsi mu nthawi yodzaza (0.3% potaziyamu diIhphaten phosphate + 1% urea).
V. Tsitsani Mavuto
1.
- Ntchito: Kutsutsa Matenda Otsutsa (monga powdery sdowdew, dzimbiri), sinthani chilala cha chilala / kupsinjika mchere.
2. Abscisic acid (Aba)
- Ntchito: Kukaniza kwa chilala ndi kuchepetsa madzi.
Vi. Njira zina zobzala
- Kutulutsa kwa nyanja
- Humric acid: Sinthani malo a dothi ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu.
Kusamalitsa
1. Mlingo wambiri: Mlingo wochuluka ungayambitse kukula kapena phytotoxicity.
2. Kuingka nthawi ndikofunikira:
3.
4. Kusakanikirana kugwirizana: pewani kusakaniza ndi mankhwala a alkaline percyctives ndikuchita mayeso ang'onoang'ono.
Chidule
Othandizira owongolera azomera amafunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito mogwirizana ndi mitundu ya tirigu, malo ndi dothi. Cholinga chachikulu ndikugwirizanitsa kukula kwa masamba ndi kukula kwa kubereka. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zothandiza, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zachiwerewere (kubzala koyenera kubzala, madzi ndi feteleza wowongolera) monga maziko, ndikutanthauza chitsogozo cha madipatimenti aulimi othandiza.
Zolemba zaposachedwa
Nkhani Zowonetsedwa
