Njira Zochepetsera Kulimbana ndi Chilala mu Mbeu za Kasupe
Kupsyinjika kwa chilala mu mbewu za masika kumatha kuchepetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo, kuphatikiza ulimi wothirira wasayansi, mulching woteteza chinyezi, kuthira feteleza wokwanira, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu. Zina mwa izi, kugwiritsa ntchito zowongolera kakulidwe ka mbewu ndi imodzi mwazinthu zaukadaulo zomwe zimathandizira kuti mbewu zisamve chilala.
I. Njira Zochepetsera Kulimbana ndi Chilala mu Mbeu za Kasupe
1. Kuthirira kwa Sayansi ndi Kupulumutsa Madzi
Ikani patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito njira zabwino kwambiri zopulumutsira madzi—monga kuthirira kwadontho ndi kuthirira kwa micro-sprinkler—popewa kuthirira madzi osefukira.
Konzani ulimi wothirira m'mawa kapena madzulo kuti muchepetse kutayika kwa madzi.
Onetsetsani kuti pali madzi okwanira panthawi yovuta kwambiri ya kukula pamene madzi akufunikira kwambiri: makamaka, nthawi yophatikizana ndi tirigu wa tirigu, ndi nthawi yophatikiza chimanga.
Mulching Kuletsa Kutuluka kwa Nthunzi ndi Kusunga Chinyezi
2. Limbikitsani kugwiritsa ntchito mulching wa filimu ya pulasitiki ndi mulching wa udzu (pa makulidwe a 5-8 cm) kuti achepetse kusungunuka kwa chinyezi m'nthaka ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yosunga madzi m'munda.
Kwa mbewu monga mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba, phatikizani filimu ya pulasitiki mulching ndi kachitidwe kakang'ono ka ulimi wothirira kuti mugwiritse ntchito "sub-mulch drip irrigation."
Inter-tillage Kuti Mumasule Dothi ndi Kusokoneza Ntchito ya Capillary
Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe inter-tillage amadula ma capillary mu nthaka wosanjikiza, motero amalepheretsa kukwezeka kwa chinyezi ndi kutuluka kwa nthunzi, kwinaku akutenthetsa nthaka ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu.
3. Feteleza wa Foliar Kuti Ulimbikitse Kupirira Kupsinjika
Ikani feteleza wa foliar-monga monopotassium phosphate, alginic acid, ndi fulvic acid-kupyolera mu kupopera mankhwala kuti muwonjezere mphamvu ya osmotic ya ma cell, kuchepetsa kumera kwa masamba, ndi kulimbikitsa chilala.
II. Ovomerezeka Kukula kwa Zomera ndi Ntchito Zake
Malamulo otsatirawa angathandize kuti mbewu zisamavutike ndi chilala ndipo zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku mbewu monga tirigu, chimanga ndi masamba osiyanasiyana:
1. Brassinolide
Ntchito Zofunika Kwambiri za Brassinolide: Imawongolera kuchuluka kwa mahomoni, imapangitsa kuti photosynthetic igwire bwino ntchito, imachepetsa nkhawa yobwera chifukwa cha chilala, komanso imachepetsa kukalamba msanga.
Mbewu zovomerezeka: Tirigu, chimanga, ndi masamba.
Nthawi ndi Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito: Ikani pa nthawi yoyambira ku maluwa ndi kudzala mbewu za tirigu, komanso panthawi yophatikiza chimanga. Ikani pogwiritsa ntchito foliar spray pogwiritsa ntchito osakaniza 10 ml/ekala wa 0.01% Brassinolide amadzimadzi njira kuphatikiza 30-50 g wa monopotassium mankwala; kubwereza ntchito 1-2 zina pa intervals wa 7-10 masiku.
2. Fulvic Acid / Potaziyamu Fulvate yotengedwa ndi mchere
Ubwino waukulu: Amachepetsa kutsekeka kwa matumbo, amachepetsa kutuluka kwa mpweya, komanso amathandizira kukula kwa mizu.
Mbewu zovomerezeka: Tirigu, chimanga, mbatata.
Nthawi ndi Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito: Ikani pogwiritsa ntchito foliar spray pa mlingo wa 30-50 g/ekala pakachitika chilala; Itha kusakanikirana ndi Monopotassium Phosphate kuti ipititse patsogolo kusunga madzi.
3. S-Abscisic Acid (S-ABA) / Chitosan Oligosaccharide
Ubwino waukulu: Imayendetsa chibadwa cha mmera cholimbana ndi kupsinjika, potero kumathandizira kupirira chilala komanso kukana matenda.
Analimbikitsa Mbewu: Zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, mankhwala azitsamba.
Nthawi ndi Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito: Ikani mopopera mbewu pa nthawi ya mbande kapena chenjezo la chilala kuti muthe kupirira kupsinjika kwa mmera.
4. Monopotassium Phosphate (Functional Regulator)
Ubwino waukulu: Imawonjezera msanga phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, imawonjezera mphamvu zama cell, komanso imathandizira kukana kupsinjika.
Mbewu zovomerezeka:Zomera zonse.
Nthawi ndi Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito: Ikani pogwiritsa ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito 0.2% -0.3% yankho panthawi yovuta kwambiri ya kukula (monga siteji yodzaza tirigu, siteji ya mabelu a chimanga).
I. Njira Zochepetsera Kulimbana ndi Chilala mu Mbeu za Kasupe
1. Kuthirira kwa Sayansi ndi Kupulumutsa Madzi
Ikani patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito njira zabwino kwambiri zopulumutsira madzi—monga kuthirira kwadontho ndi kuthirira kwa micro-sprinkler—popewa kuthirira madzi osefukira.
Konzani ulimi wothirira m'mawa kapena madzulo kuti muchepetse kutayika kwa madzi.
Onetsetsani kuti pali madzi okwanira panthawi yovuta kwambiri ya kukula pamene madzi akufunikira kwambiri: makamaka, nthawi yophatikizana ndi tirigu wa tirigu, ndi nthawi yophatikiza chimanga.
Mulching Kuletsa Kutuluka kwa Nthunzi ndi Kusunga Chinyezi
2. Limbikitsani kugwiritsa ntchito mulching wa filimu ya pulasitiki ndi mulching wa udzu (pa makulidwe a 5-8 cm) kuti achepetse kusungunuka kwa chinyezi m'nthaka ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yosunga madzi m'munda.
Kwa mbewu monga mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba, phatikizani filimu ya pulasitiki mulching ndi kachitidwe kakang'ono ka ulimi wothirira kuti mugwiritse ntchito "sub-mulch drip irrigation."
Inter-tillage Kuti Mumasule Dothi ndi Kusokoneza Ntchito ya Capillary
Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe inter-tillage amadula ma capillary mu nthaka wosanjikiza, motero amalepheretsa kukwezeka kwa chinyezi ndi kutuluka kwa nthunzi, kwinaku akutenthetsa nthaka ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu.
3. Feteleza wa Foliar Kuti Ulimbikitse Kupirira Kupsinjika
Ikani feteleza wa foliar-monga monopotassium phosphate, alginic acid, ndi fulvic acid-kupyolera mu kupopera mankhwala kuti muwonjezere mphamvu ya osmotic ya ma cell, kuchepetsa kumera kwa masamba, ndi kulimbikitsa chilala.
II. Ovomerezeka Kukula kwa Zomera ndi Ntchito Zake
Malamulo otsatirawa angathandize kuti mbewu zisamavutike ndi chilala ndipo zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku mbewu monga tirigu, chimanga ndi masamba osiyanasiyana:
1. Brassinolide
Ntchito Zofunika Kwambiri za Brassinolide: Imawongolera kuchuluka kwa mahomoni, imapangitsa kuti photosynthetic igwire bwino ntchito, imachepetsa nkhawa yobwera chifukwa cha chilala, komanso imachepetsa kukalamba msanga.
Mbewu zovomerezeka: Tirigu, chimanga, ndi masamba.
Nthawi ndi Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito: Ikani pa nthawi yoyambira ku maluwa ndi kudzala mbewu za tirigu, komanso panthawi yophatikiza chimanga. Ikani pogwiritsa ntchito foliar spray pogwiritsa ntchito osakaniza 10 ml/ekala wa 0.01% Brassinolide amadzimadzi njira kuphatikiza 30-50 g wa monopotassium mankwala; kubwereza ntchito 1-2 zina pa intervals wa 7-10 masiku.
2. Fulvic Acid / Potaziyamu Fulvate yotengedwa ndi mchere
Ubwino waukulu: Amachepetsa kutsekeka kwa matumbo, amachepetsa kutuluka kwa mpweya, komanso amathandizira kukula kwa mizu.
Mbewu zovomerezeka: Tirigu, chimanga, mbatata.
Nthawi ndi Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito: Ikani pogwiritsa ntchito foliar spray pa mlingo wa 30-50 g/ekala pakachitika chilala; Itha kusakanikirana ndi Monopotassium Phosphate kuti ipititse patsogolo kusunga madzi.
3. S-Abscisic Acid (S-ABA) / Chitosan Oligosaccharide
Ubwino waukulu: Imayendetsa chibadwa cha mmera cholimbana ndi kupsinjika, potero kumathandizira kupirira chilala komanso kukana matenda.
Analimbikitsa Mbewu: Zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, mankhwala azitsamba.
Nthawi ndi Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito: Ikani mopopera mbewu pa nthawi ya mbande kapena chenjezo la chilala kuti muthe kupirira kupsinjika kwa mmera.
4. Monopotassium Phosphate (Functional Regulator)
Ubwino waukulu: Imawonjezera msanga phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, imawonjezera mphamvu zama cell, komanso imathandizira kukana kupsinjika.
Mbewu zovomerezeka:Zomera zonse.
Nthawi ndi Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito: Ikani pogwiritsa ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito 0.2% -0.3% yankho panthawi yovuta kwambiri ya kukula (monga siteji yodzaza tirigu, siteji ya mabelu a chimanga).
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