Ovomerezeka Kukula kwa Zomera pa Kulima Mbeu za Rapeseed
Zowongolera zakukula kwa mbewu zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pakukula kwa rapeseed (canola) makamaka Paclobutrazol (Paclo), Uniconazole, Brassinolide, ndi DCPTA. Ntchito zawo zazikulu ndikuwongolera kukula kwamasamba, kupewa malo ogona, kulimbikitsa nthambi, kukulitsa kukana kupsinjika, komanso kulimbikitsa zokolola.
Posankha mwasayansi olamulira malinga ndi zofunikira za thupi la rapeseed pazigawo zosiyana za kukula, alimi amatha kukwaniritsa zolinga zokolola zambiri zopanga "mbande zolimba, zimayambira zolimba, maluwa ochuluka, ndi nyemba zodzaza." Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa dongosolo loyamikiridwa ndi siteji:
I. Gawo la Mmera (Masamba 3–6): Kulima Mbande Zolimba; Kuwongolera Kukula Kwambiri ndi Kupititsa patsogolo Mizu
Chofunikira kwambiri panthawiyi ndikupewa mbande za "miyendo" (kutalika kwa tsinde) ndikukulitsa kuzizira ndi chilala, potero kuyala maziko olimba a nyengo yachisanu.
Paclobutrazol (Paclo)
Imalepheretsa kutalika kwa tsinde ndi masamba, pomwe imalimbikitsa kukhuthala kwa tsinde ndi kukula kwa mizu yolimba.
**Nthawi Yogwiritsa Ntchito:** Pakadutsa masamba 3-5, kapena masiku 7 musanabzale.
**Mlingo wovomerezeka:** 40-60 magalamu pa *mu* wa 15% Paclobutrazol Wettable Powder, wosungunuka mu ma kilogalamu 30-40 a madzi popopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
**Kuwonjezera Zokolola:** Itha kuchulukitsa zokolola ndi 8% -12%, pomwe imathandizira kwambiri kukana kwa malo ogona.
Uniconazole
Ali ndi zochita zambiri zachilengedwe ndipo amafuna kutsika mtengo; koyenera kulima mbewu zodyera kapena minda yomwe kuchepetsa zotsalira za mankhwala ndikofunikira kwambiri.
**Mlingo wovomerezeka:** 30–45 magalamu pa *mu* wa 5% wa uniconazole, wothiridwa m'madzi popopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
Brassinolide / Diethyl aminoethyl Hexanoate (DA-6)
Oyenera minda yokhala ndi mbande zofooka; imathandizira kukula ndikufulumizitsa kusintha kwa mbande zolimba.
**Maganizo Ophatikiza:** Sakanizani-utsi ndi Monopotassium Phosphate kuti muchepetse kupsinjika.
II. Budding ndi Bolting Stage (Stem kutalika: 5-15 cm): Control Vigorous Grow and Prevention Lodging; Limbikitsani Nthambi
Gawo ili likuwonetsa kusintha kofunikira kuchokera pakukula kwa vegetative kupita ku kukula kwa uchembere. Kuwongolera kachulukidwe ka zomera kumalepheretsa kuphuka msanga ndi maluwa, pomwe kumalimbikitsa kusiyana kwa nthambi.
Paclobutrazol (Paclo)
**Nthawi Yoyenera:** Gawo loyambirira la bolting (kutalika kwa tsinde: 5-10 cm).
**Ntchito:** Imalepheretsa kutuluka (kukula kwamiyendo) kwa tsinde lalikulu, imawonjezera kuchuluka kwa nthambi zogwira ntchito ndi 2-3, ndipo imakulitsa kachulukidwe ka ma pod ndi 20%.
**Fomu yovomerezeka: ** 50-60 g ya 15% Paclobutrazol + 100 g ya 99% Monopotassium Phosphate pa 15-20 catties (30-40 *jin*) ya madzi. Ntchito kudzera foliar utsi 2-3 zina, ndi imeneyi ya 10-15 masiku pakati ntchito.
Brassinolide
Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi Paclobutrazol kuti muchepetse kulepheretsa kukula komwe kumachitika chifukwa chamankhwala oletsa kukula komanso kukulitsa luso la photosynthetic.
III. Maluwa mpaka Kukhazikitsa Podi (Maluwa Oyambirira - Maluwa Apamwamba): Sungani Maluwa ndi Ma pod; Pewani Kubadwa Kwachangu
Cholinga pa nthawiyi ndi kupititsa patsogolo kutulutsa mungu, kuteteza "maluwa akhungu" (maluwa omwe amalephera kuyika makoko), ndikuletsa kupsa msanga chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri.
Brassinolide + Monopotassium Phosphate + Boron Feteleza
Gwiritsani ntchito njira ya "Kukwezeleza Kumodzi, Kuteteza Zinayi": Limbikitsani kukula; kupewa tizirombo ndi matenda; kuteteza kutha msanga; kuteteza maluwa akhungu; ndi kupewa kucha msanga chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri.
**Nthawi Yovomerezeka:** Ikani kamodzi kumayambiriro kwa maluwa (pamene 20% ya maluwa atsegulidwa) komanso kamodzi pa nthawi ya maluwa apamwamba (pamene 50% ya maluwa atsegulidwa).
**Kuphatikizika kwa fungicide:** Kutha kusakanikirana ndi mankhwala ophera bowa monga Prochloraz kapena Procymidone kuteteza Sclerotinia tsinde kuvunda.
Chithunzi cha DCPTA
Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira pomwe mapesi ayamba kuphuka, imakhudza mwachindunji phata la cell kuti ipititse patsogolo luso la photosynthetic, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewu ziwonjezeke ndi 15% -25%.
IV. Asanayambe Kuwonongeka kwa Frost kapena Kupsinjika Kwachilengedwe: Kulimbikitsa Kulimbana ndi Kupsinjika
Pakatha masiku 10-15 kutentha kusanakwane, gwiritsani ntchito popopera masamba a Brassinolide, feteleza wa amino acid wosungunuka m'madzi kuti muthe kupirira chisanu.
Kukawonongeka kwa Frost: Ikani mwachangu mankhwala ophera fungal kuti mutseke mabala, ndipo mugwiritseni ntchito molumikizana ndi chowongolera kukula kwa mbewu kuti muchepetse kuchira.
Posankha mwasayansi olamulira malinga ndi zofunikira za thupi la rapeseed pazigawo zosiyana za kukula, alimi amatha kukwaniritsa zolinga zokolola zambiri zopanga "mbande zolimba, zimayambira zolimba, maluwa ochuluka, ndi nyemba zodzaza." Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa dongosolo loyamikiridwa ndi siteji:
I. Gawo la Mmera (Masamba 3–6): Kulima Mbande Zolimba; Kuwongolera Kukula Kwambiri ndi Kupititsa patsogolo Mizu
Chofunikira kwambiri panthawiyi ndikupewa mbande za "miyendo" (kutalika kwa tsinde) ndikukulitsa kuzizira ndi chilala, potero kuyala maziko olimba a nyengo yachisanu.
Paclobutrazol (Paclo)
Imalepheretsa kutalika kwa tsinde ndi masamba, pomwe imalimbikitsa kukhuthala kwa tsinde ndi kukula kwa mizu yolimba.
**Nthawi Yogwiritsa Ntchito:** Pakadutsa masamba 3-5, kapena masiku 7 musanabzale.
**Mlingo wovomerezeka:** 40-60 magalamu pa *mu* wa 15% Paclobutrazol Wettable Powder, wosungunuka mu ma kilogalamu 30-40 a madzi popopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
**Kuwonjezera Zokolola:** Itha kuchulukitsa zokolola ndi 8% -12%, pomwe imathandizira kwambiri kukana kwa malo ogona.
Uniconazole
Ali ndi zochita zambiri zachilengedwe ndipo amafuna kutsika mtengo; koyenera kulima mbewu zodyera kapena minda yomwe kuchepetsa zotsalira za mankhwala ndikofunikira kwambiri.
**Mlingo wovomerezeka:** 30–45 magalamu pa *mu* wa 5% wa uniconazole, wothiridwa m'madzi popopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
Brassinolide / Diethyl aminoethyl Hexanoate (DA-6)
Oyenera minda yokhala ndi mbande zofooka; imathandizira kukula ndikufulumizitsa kusintha kwa mbande zolimba.
**Maganizo Ophatikiza:** Sakanizani-utsi ndi Monopotassium Phosphate kuti muchepetse kupsinjika.
II. Budding ndi Bolting Stage (Stem kutalika: 5-15 cm): Control Vigorous Grow and Prevention Lodging; Limbikitsani Nthambi
Gawo ili likuwonetsa kusintha kofunikira kuchokera pakukula kwa vegetative kupita ku kukula kwa uchembere. Kuwongolera kachulukidwe ka zomera kumalepheretsa kuphuka msanga ndi maluwa, pomwe kumalimbikitsa kusiyana kwa nthambi.
Paclobutrazol (Paclo)
**Nthawi Yoyenera:** Gawo loyambirira la bolting (kutalika kwa tsinde: 5-10 cm).
**Ntchito:** Imalepheretsa kutuluka (kukula kwamiyendo) kwa tsinde lalikulu, imawonjezera kuchuluka kwa nthambi zogwira ntchito ndi 2-3, ndipo imakulitsa kachulukidwe ka ma pod ndi 20%.
**Fomu yovomerezeka: ** 50-60 g ya 15% Paclobutrazol + 100 g ya 99% Monopotassium Phosphate pa 15-20 catties (30-40 *jin*) ya madzi. Ntchito kudzera foliar utsi 2-3 zina, ndi imeneyi ya 10-15 masiku pakati ntchito.
Brassinolide
Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi Paclobutrazol kuti muchepetse kulepheretsa kukula komwe kumachitika chifukwa chamankhwala oletsa kukula komanso kukulitsa luso la photosynthetic.
III. Maluwa mpaka Kukhazikitsa Podi (Maluwa Oyambirira - Maluwa Apamwamba): Sungani Maluwa ndi Ma pod; Pewani Kubadwa Kwachangu
Cholinga pa nthawiyi ndi kupititsa patsogolo kutulutsa mungu, kuteteza "maluwa akhungu" (maluwa omwe amalephera kuyika makoko), ndikuletsa kupsa msanga chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri.
Brassinolide + Monopotassium Phosphate + Boron Feteleza
Gwiritsani ntchito njira ya "Kukwezeleza Kumodzi, Kuteteza Zinayi": Limbikitsani kukula; kupewa tizirombo ndi matenda; kuteteza kutha msanga; kuteteza maluwa akhungu; ndi kupewa kucha msanga chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri.
**Nthawi Yovomerezeka:** Ikani kamodzi kumayambiriro kwa maluwa (pamene 20% ya maluwa atsegulidwa) komanso kamodzi pa nthawi ya maluwa apamwamba (pamene 50% ya maluwa atsegulidwa).
**Kuphatikizika kwa fungicide:** Kutha kusakanikirana ndi mankhwala ophera bowa monga Prochloraz kapena Procymidone kuteteza Sclerotinia tsinde kuvunda.
Chithunzi cha DCPTA
Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira pomwe mapesi ayamba kuphuka, imakhudza mwachindunji phata la cell kuti ipititse patsogolo luso la photosynthetic, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewu ziwonjezeke ndi 15% -25%.
IV. Asanayambe Kuwonongeka kwa Frost kapena Kupsinjika Kwachilengedwe: Kulimbikitsa Kulimbana ndi Kupsinjika
Pakatha masiku 10-15 kutentha kusanakwane, gwiritsani ntchito popopera masamba a Brassinolide, feteleza wa amino acid wosungunuka m'madzi kuti muthe kupirira chisanu.
Kukawonongeka kwa Frost: Ikani mwachangu mankhwala ophera fungal kuti mutseke mabala, ndipo mugwiritseni ntchito molumikizana ndi chowongolera kukula kwa mbewu kuti muchepetse kuchira.
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