Kulongosola mwatsatanetsatane kwa oyang'anira chomera kuti mitengo ya thonje ichulukane
M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mafuta a thonje, owongolera obiriwira osiyanasiyana adagwira gawo lofunikira pakulimbikitsa thonje. Kuthandiza alimi ndi akatswiri aphunzitsiwo kumvetsetsa maofesiwa, tafufuza zam'madzi zam'madzi za percetot ndikulemba pamndandanda wa katundu 285 zomwe zidalembetsedwa ndi thonje ndi zotsatira zolimbitsa thupi. Nkhaniyi ikuwunika mwachidule mitundu yayikulu ya oyang'anira orthators omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito powonjezera zokolola za thonje.
(1. Mepiquat chloride]
Mepiquat chloride ndi mtundu wa wogulitsa kukula kwa mbewu. Imapezeka m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mayankho am'madzi ndi ufa, komanso mitundu ya 49 yomwe idalembetsedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pa thonje. Monga chomera chomera, mepiquat chloride ali ndi ntchito zingapo. Ili bwino imalepheretsa maselo a cell ndikulepheretsa bibyynthesis a Gibberellins. Regalator imalimbikitsa kuyamwa minyewa yochokera ku mizu, zimayambira, ndipo masamba, potero zimalimbikitsa chlorophyll synthesis. Poletsa kutalika kwa tsinde lalikulu ndi nthambi za zipatso, mepiquat chloride amalimbikitsa kutsekedwa kwamphamvu, kupewa kutsekeka kwamphamvu, ndikusintha makonda a photosynthesi. Imawongoleranso kukula kwa mbewu ndikuchepetsa kutaya michere yosagwira. Mwa kukulitsa muzu mphamvu, mepiquat chloride imalimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu, kumawonjezera kutalika kwa mizu, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mizu, kuphatikizapo malo opumira, ndikuthirira madzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito moloride yoyenera kumatha kuwongolera moyenera pakati pa kukula kwa masamba ndi kubereka, kumalimbikitsa maluwa ndi dontho la zipatso, ndikusintha zipatso, pamapeto pake zimachulukitsa zipatso ndi ndalama.
[2. Chlorquat chloride]
Pali zinthu 17 chlorquat chloride zomwe zidalembetsedwa thonje pamsika, kuphatikizapo zonse ziwiri zamadzi. Zogulitsa izi zimapereka mphamvu yawo yopanga kukula pogwiritsa ntchito Kaurene kupanga ndikuletsa Gibberellin Bisynthesis. Monga wotsutsa wa Gibberellin, chlorquat chloride amayang'anira kukula kwa thonje, kupewa malo ogona pomweponso ndikulimbikitsanso photosynthesis ndikuwonjezera CROP Kuleza Mtima Olimbitsa Transte, potero
(3. Sodium nitrofnolates (atonik)]
Monga chomera chomera, sodium nitrofnolates (Atonik) limalowa mwachangu mthupi la chomera, kulimbikitsa kuyenda kwa protoplasts ndi kuthamanga kwa mizu. Izi zimalimbikitsa magawo osiyanasiyana a mbewu, kuphatikiza mizu, kukula, ndi zipatso, makamaka polimbikitsa mungu. Kuphatikiza apo, zimatha kuthandiza kukula ndi kutukuka kwa mbewu ngati thonje, kumalimbikitsa maluwa oyambilira, kumapangitsa kumera, komanso kuthandiza kumera, ndikuthandizira kuchepetsa maluwa, ndikuthandizira kukonzanso kwa maluwa. Mosakayikira, mosiyana ndi mahomoni azomera, sodium nitrofnolates (atonik) imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mofulumira mbewu yonse ya mbewu, kufesa kukolola.
Sodium Msitima amalowa mkati mwazomera, amalimbikitsa bwino kutuluka kwa protoplasts, kumapititsidwa kwambiri ndi mizu. Chomera ichi chogwira ichi chikuwonetsa madigiri osiyanasiyana olimbikitsa pamagawo osiyanasiyana a mbewu, kuphatikiza mizu, kukula, kubereka, ndi zipatso. Kugwiritsa kwakekonso kumasinthanso, kulola njira zosiyanasiyana monga kuwawa kwa okopa, kunyowa mbewu, kuthirira mbewu.
4. 1-Nafithyl acetic acid (Naa)
Napthyl acetic acid, ngati wopanga kukula kwa chomera, amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri kutoma. Kupyola mayamwidwe ake, zimathandizira mbewu kukhalabe ndi maluwa ndi zipatso, zimawonjezera zipatso kukhala, ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwa zipatso komanso kukhwima koyambirira. Kuphatikiza apo, Nafithyl acetic acid amawongolera kukula kwa thonje, ndikuthandizira kuthandizidwa ndi zipatso kumawonjezeka. Makamaka, ndi chofunikira kwambiri pa ufa woutsa womwe umapezeka pamalonda, kulimbikitsa kwambiri kuzika mizu.
5. Brassinolide (BRS)
Brassinolide, wowongolera wosasunthika, amalimbikitsa chomera cham'mitengo, ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwa mbeu. Imawongoleranso kukula kwa mbewu, kulimbikitsa kukhazikika ndikuwongolera feteleza. Kuphatikiza apo, zimawonjezera kukula kwa mbeu kuti zitsindika za chilala, monga chilala komanso kuzizira, ndikusintha zipatso kukhala. Kaya kugwiritsidwa ntchito nokha kapena kuphatikiza ndi oyang'anira ena, Brassinolide imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati yophatikiza mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kupewa matenda osokoneza bongo, ndikuthandizira mwamphamvu kuti mukhale ndi ulimi.
[6. 28-Epihombobrasinolide]
Monga chomera chomera, 28-Epihombinolide amawonetsa zotsatira zapadera zomera maselo am'maselo ndikuthandiziranso pothandizanso kukula kwa mizu. Kuphatikiza apo, zimalimbikitsa photosynthesis, kupatsana mitundu yatsopano yaulimi.
[7. S -BSCISIC acid (S-Aba)]
S -bscisic acid (S-Aba), chilengedwe chachilengedwe, chopambana pakulimbikitsa kukula chogwirizanitsa. Itha kuyambitsa majini angapo osokoneza bongo, potengera kukula kwa mbewu yabwino komanso kukulitsa luso lolimbana ndi malo ake oyambilira. Kuphatikiza apo, s -bscisic acid (S-ABA) kumathandizira photosynthesis, amalimbikitsa kukula kwamizu yamafuta, ndikulimbikitsa kaphatikizidwe ndi kudzikuza kwa michere. Izi ndi zabwino zomwe zimathandiza kusintha mtundu wazomera komanso kuwonjezera zipatso.
(8. Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA)]
Indole-3-Butyric Acid (Iba), chomera cha Endornous, chimalowa mosavuta mbewu m'thupi kudzera masamba, Epirmis wachichepere, ndi mbewu zoyenda mogwirizana ndi michere. Mahomoniwa amathandizira kupanikizika kwa muzu prifderaa, kulimbikitsa mizu yochepa komanso kukulitsa kukula kwa muzu ndi chitukuko. Izi sizongowonjezera kuchuluka kwa mizu ya capillary ndi kutalika kwa mizu yofananira, komanso imathandizanso kupanga mizu yopingasa, kufupikitsa nthawi yomwe imaphatikizira, ndikusinthanso mitengo yotsika mtengo. Kuphatikiza apo, zimalimbikitsa mapangidwe ake, amakonzanso mizu, ndipo imalimbitsa chomeracho, potero amakula zipatso.
9. Gibberellic acid (GA3)
Gibberellic acid, chomera chomera chomera, chimapezeka kwambiri muzomera ndipo ndi mahomoni omwe amalimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu ndi chitukuko. Imatsutsana ndi kukula kwa kukula monga paclobutrazol ndi chloromequat chloride, kukula kogwirizana ndi mbewu. Gibberellic acid imalimbikitsa magawano a cell, amalimbikitsa tsinde lambiri ndi kukulitsa masamba, ndipo zimapangitsa Parthenocarpy, kuthamanga kwambiri kukula kwa zipatso. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kuthyola nthando za mbewu, sinthani kuchuluka kwa maluwa amphongo achimuna ndi achikazi, kuwongolera nthawi, ndikuchepetsa maluwa ndi dontho dontho. Pamene exo native Gibberellic acid imalowa mu chomera, imakhudza zolimbitsa thupi zofanana ndi za Endo natius, kulimbikitsa kukula kwamera.
10. Diethyl Amanoethyl Hexanoate (da-6)
Da-6 ali ndi zovuta zowongolera komanso zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thonje. Zimawonjezera zomwe chlorophyll, mapuloteni, ndi ma acid a ma acid mu chomera, potero imathamangitsa photosynthesis ndi kukulitsa ntchito ya peroxidase ndi nitrate resose. Da-6 imayang'aniranso kaboni ndi nayirogeni, imathandizira kuyamwa madzi ndi michere, ndipo imathandizira kuti madzi azikhala mkati. Izi zimathandizira pamodzi ndi chilala cha Comben komanso kulolerana.
[11. Enzifon]
Ethephoni ndi wowongolera wokula omwe amalimbikitsa kusasitsa mbewu. Mukalowetsa mbewuyo, imatulutsa ethylene kutengera pa pH ya mbewu ya mbewu, potero imathamangitsa mbewuyo. Ethephoni alinso ndi zovuta zingapo, kuphatikizapo choletsa kukula kwa chilengedwe, kulimbikitsa chiwalo cha ziwalo, kuphatikizira duwa la maluwa, kulimbikitsa kumera, komanso kumera kosangalatsa kosangalatsa.
[12. Thidiazuron (TDZ)]
Thidiazuron (TDZ) ndi herucocyctic aromatic urea greefirator yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati yofiyira ngati yofiyira mu thonje. Imalowetsedwa ndi masamba a thonje, akulimbikitsa mapangidwe achilengedwe okhala pakati pa tsinde, tsamba, ndi petiole, potero pezani tsamba dontho.
13.
Kinetin, chomera cha Endotonin cytokinin, chili ndi ntchito zingapo. Imagwira bwino ntchito kudula mitengo, imasintha duwa, ndipo limalimbikitsa maluwa ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa maluwa osinthika. Imasunganso maluwa ndi zipatso, amakhazikika ndipo imalimbitsa chipatso, ndipo imachepetsa zipatso. Kinetin imasinthanso mbewu, imalimbikitsa zipatso zopangidwa, kuchedwa kubzala, ndikulimbikitsa kudzazidwa tirigu. Itha kuyambitsa kukula kwa nthambi ndi masamba, kuwonjezera chlorophyll okhutira, ndipo amawonjezera photosynthesthes.
(1. Mepiquat chloride]
Mepiquat chloride ndi mtundu wa wogulitsa kukula kwa mbewu. Imapezeka m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mayankho am'madzi ndi ufa, komanso mitundu ya 49 yomwe idalembetsedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pa thonje. Monga chomera chomera, mepiquat chloride ali ndi ntchito zingapo. Ili bwino imalepheretsa maselo a cell ndikulepheretsa bibyynthesis a Gibberellins. Regalator imalimbikitsa kuyamwa minyewa yochokera ku mizu, zimayambira, ndipo masamba, potero zimalimbikitsa chlorophyll synthesis. Poletsa kutalika kwa tsinde lalikulu ndi nthambi za zipatso, mepiquat chloride amalimbikitsa kutsekedwa kwamphamvu, kupewa kutsekeka kwamphamvu, ndikusintha makonda a photosynthesi. Imawongoleranso kukula kwa mbewu ndikuchepetsa kutaya michere yosagwira. Mwa kukulitsa muzu mphamvu, mepiquat chloride imalimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu, kumawonjezera kutalika kwa mizu, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mizu, kuphatikizapo malo opumira, ndikuthirira madzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito moloride yoyenera kumatha kuwongolera moyenera pakati pa kukula kwa masamba ndi kubereka, kumalimbikitsa maluwa ndi dontho la zipatso, ndikusintha zipatso, pamapeto pake zimachulukitsa zipatso ndi ndalama.
[2. Chlorquat chloride]
Pali zinthu 17 chlorquat chloride zomwe zidalembetsedwa thonje pamsika, kuphatikizapo zonse ziwiri zamadzi. Zogulitsa izi zimapereka mphamvu yawo yopanga kukula pogwiritsa ntchito Kaurene kupanga ndikuletsa Gibberellin Bisynthesis. Monga wotsutsa wa Gibberellin, chlorquat chloride amayang'anira kukula kwa thonje, kupewa malo ogona pomweponso ndikulimbikitsanso photosynthesis ndikuwonjezera CROP Kuleza Mtima Olimbitsa Transte, potero
(3. Sodium nitrofnolates (atonik)]
Monga chomera chomera, sodium nitrofnolates (Atonik) limalowa mwachangu mthupi la chomera, kulimbikitsa kuyenda kwa protoplasts ndi kuthamanga kwa mizu. Izi zimalimbikitsa magawo osiyanasiyana a mbewu, kuphatikiza mizu, kukula, ndi zipatso, makamaka polimbikitsa mungu. Kuphatikiza apo, zimatha kuthandiza kukula ndi kutukuka kwa mbewu ngati thonje, kumalimbikitsa maluwa oyambilira, kumapangitsa kumera, komanso kuthandiza kumera, ndikuthandizira kuchepetsa maluwa, ndikuthandizira kukonzanso kwa maluwa. Mosakayikira, mosiyana ndi mahomoni azomera, sodium nitrofnolates (atonik) imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mofulumira mbewu yonse ya mbewu, kufesa kukolola.
Sodium Msitima amalowa mkati mwazomera, amalimbikitsa bwino kutuluka kwa protoplasts, kumapititsidwa kwambiri ndi mizu. Chomera ichi chogwira ichi chikuwonetsa madigiri osiyanasiyana olimbikitsa pamagawo osiyanasiyana a mbewu, kuphatikiza mizu, kukula, kubereka, ndi zipatso. Kugwiritsa kwakekonso kumasinthanso, kulola njira zosiyanasiyana monga kuwawa kwa okopa, kunyowa mbewu, kuthirira mbewu.
4. 1-Nafithyl acetic acid (Naa)
Napthyl acetic acid, ngati wopanga kukula kwa chomera, amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri kutoma. Kupyola mayamwidwe ake, zimathandizira mbewu kukhalabe ndi maluwa ndi zipatso, zimawonjezera zipatso kukhala, ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwa zipatso komanso kukhwima koyambirira. Kuphatikiza apo, Nafithyl acetic acid amawongolera kukula kwa thonje, ndikuthandizira kuthandizidwa ndi zipatso kumawonjezeka. Makamaka, ndi chofunikira kwambiri pa ufa woutsa womwe umapezeka pamalonda, kulimbikitsa kwambiri kuzika mizu.
5. Brassinolide (BRS)
Brassinolide, wowongolera wosasunthika, amalimbikitsa chomera cham'mitengo, ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwa mbeu. Imawongoleranso kukula kwa mbewu, kulimbikitsa kukhazikika ndikuwongolera feteleza. Kuphatikiza apo, zimawonjezera kukula kwa mbeu kuti zitsindika za chilala, monga chilala komanso kuzizira, ndikusintha zipatso kukhala. Kaya kugwiritsidwa ntchito nokha kapena kuphatikiza ndi oyang'anira ena, Brassinolide imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati yophatikiza mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kupewa matenda osokoneza bongo, ndikuthandizira mwamphamvu kuti mukhale ndi ulimi.
[6. 28-Epihombobrasinolide]
Monga chomera chomera, 28-Epihombinolide amawonetsa zotsatira zapadera zomera maselo am'maselo ndikuthandiziranso pothandizanso kukula kwa mizu. Kuphatikiza apo, zimalimbikitsa photosynthesis, kupatsana mitundu yatsopano yaulimi.
[7. S -BSCISIC acid (S-Aba)]
S -bscisic acid (S-Aba), chilengedwe chachilengedwe, chopambana pakulimbikitsa kukula chogwirizanitsa. Itha kuyambitsa majini angapo osokoneza bongo, potengera kukula kwa mbewu yabwino komanso kukulitsa luso lolimbana ndi malo ake oyambilira. Kuphatikiza apo, s -bscisic acid (S-ABA) kumathandizira photosynthesis, amalimbikitsa kukula kwamizu yamafuta, ndikulimbikitsa kaphatikizidwe ndi kudzikuza kwa michere. Izi ndi zabwino zomwe zimathandiza kusintha mtundu wazomera komanso kuwonjezera zipatso.
(8. Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA)]
Indole-3-Butyric Acid (Iba), chomera cha Endornous, chimalowa mosavuta mbewu m'thupi kudzera masamba, Epirmis wachichepere, ndi mbewu zoyenda mogwirizana ndi michere. Mahomoniwa amathandizira kupanikizika kwa muzu prifderaa, kulimbikitsa mizu yochepa komanso kukulitsa kukula kwa muzu ndi chitukuko. Izi sizongowonjezera kuchuluka kwa mizu ya capillary ndi kutalika kwa mizu yofananira, komanso imathandizanso kupanga mizu yopingasa, kufupikitsa nthawi yomwe imaphatikizira, ndikusinthanso mitengo yotsika mtengo. Kuphatikiza apo, zimalimbikitsa mapangidwe ake, amakonzanso mizu, ndipo imalimbitsa chomeracho, potero amakula zipatso.
9. Gibberellic acid (GA3)
Gibberellic acid, chomera chomera chomera, chimapezeka kwambiri muzomera ndipo ndi mahomoni omwe amalimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu ndi chitukuko. Imatsutsana ndi kukula kwa kukula monga paclobutrazol ndi chloromequat chloride, kukula kogwirizana ndi mbewu. Gibberellic acid imalimbikitsa magawano a cell, amalimbikitsa tsinde lambiri ndi kukulitsa masamba, ndipo zimapangitsa Parthenocarpy, kuthamanga kwambiri kukula kwa zipatso. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kuthyola nthando za mbewu, sinthani kuchuluka kwa maluwa amphongo achimuna ndi achikazi, kuwongolera nthawi, ndikuchepetsa maluwa ndi dontho dontho. Pamene exo native Gibberellic acid imalowa mu chomera, imakhudza zolimbitsa thupi zofanana ndi za Endo natius, kulimbikitsa kukula kwamera.
10. Diethyl Amanoethyl Hexanoate (da-6)
Da-6 ali ndi zovuta zowongolera komanso zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thonje. Zimawonjezera zomwe chlorophyll, mapuloteni, ndi ma acid a ma acid mu chomera, potero imathamangitsa photosynthesis ndi kukulitsa ntchito ya peroxidase ndi nitrate resose. Da-6 imayang'aniranso kaboni ndi nayirogeni, imathandizira kuyamwa madzi ndi michere, ndipo imathandizira kuti madzi azikhala mkati. Izi zimathandizira pamodzi ndi chilala cha Comben komanso kulolerana.
[11. Enzifon]
Ethephoni ndi wowongolera wokula omwe amalimbikitsa kusasitsa mbewu. Mukalowetsa mbewuyo, imatulutsa ethylene kutengera pa pH ya mbewu ya mbewu, potero imathamangitsa mbewuyo. Ethephoni alinso ndi zovuta zingapo, kuphatikizapo choletsa kukula kwa chilengedwe, kulimbikitsa chiwalo cha ziwalo, kuphatikizira duwa la maluwa, kulimbikitsa kumera, komanso kumera kosangalatsa kosangalatsa.
[12. Thidiazuron (TDZ)]
Thidiazuron (TDZ) ndi herucocyctic aromatic urea greefirator yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati yofiyira ngati yofiyira mu thonje. Imalowetsedwa ndi masamba a thonje, akulimbikitsa mapangidwe achilengedwe okhala pakati pa tsinde, tsamba, ndi petiole, potero pezani tsamba dontho.
13.
Kinetin, chomera cha Endotonin cytokinin, chili ndi ntchito zingapo. Imagwira bwino ntchito kudula mitengo, imasintha duwa, ndipo limalimbikitsa maluwa ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa maluwa osinthika. Imasunganso maluwa ndi zipatso, amakhazikika ndipo imalimbitsa chipatso, ndipo imachepetsa zipatso. Kinetin imasinthanso mbewu, imalimbikitsa zipatso zopangidwa, kuchedwa kubzala, ndikulimbikitsa kudzazidwa tirigu. Itha kuyambitsa kukula kwa nthambi ndi masamba, kuwonjezera chlorophyll okhutira, ndipo amawonjezera photosynthesthes.
Zolemba zaposachedwa
Nkhani Zowonetsedwa
