Uburyo bukuru bwo gucunga ibihe byindabyo zinzabibu: Guhindura Umusaruro nubuziranenge
Ikiringo kimaze kuva indabyo zitangira kugeza kubyimba imbuto zimbuto zigize icyiciro gikomeye muburyo bwo gukura kwinzabibu. Imikorere myiza yubuyobozi muri iki cyiciro igena neza umusaruro nubwiza bwinzabibu zakozwe mumwaka urangiye. Ubuyobozi bwibanze bwibanze muri iki gihe bwerekanwe aha hepfo:
Mu gihe cyo gutanga inzabibu, igihe cyo gutangira indabyo kugeza kirangiye ubusanzwe kimara iminsi igera kuri 4 kugeza kuri 14 mu mwaka usanzwe, aho usanga imanza nyinshi ziri munsi yiminsi 7 kugeza 12.
Ibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumurabyo winzabibu no gushiraho imbuto harimo ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, ibihe byamapfa, n umuyaga. Icyiciro cyindabyo gishyira hejuru kubushyuhe; inzabibu cyane cyane iyo ubushyuhe bwikirere burenze 25 ° C, hamwe nubushyuhe bwiza ni 27.5 ° C. Ku rundi ruhande, niba ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere bugabanutse munsi ya 15 ° C, inzabibu ntizishobora kurabyo bisanzwe, kandi uburyo bwo gusama buzahagarikwa.
Ubushuhe bwiza ugereranije mugihe cyindabyo ni 56%; ibihe birimo imvura nyinshi cyangwa amapfa bizagira ingaruka mbi kumurabyo no kwanduza. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bwubutaka bukunda gutera uburabyo hakiri kare, mugihe ubutumburuke buke bwubutaka butera kumera neza. Umuyaga ni ikindi kintu gikomeye kigira ingaruka ku ndabyo; umuyaga mwinshi ubangamira inzira kandi urashobora kongera igitonyanga cyindabyo.
Mugihe cyo kurabyo kwinzabibu, igihe cyo kumera kiba buri munsi hagati ya 6h00 na 11h00 za mugitondo, hamwe nibikorwa bikomeye biba hagati ya 7h00 AM na 9:00 AM. Ikiringo kibaho iminsi 3 kugeza kuri 5 nyuma yindabyo kiranga icyiciro cya mbere cyimbuto zumubiri. Mugihe cyo kumera kwinzabibu, intungamubiri nyinshi zirakoreshwa kugirango zifashe kurabyo, gutandukanya indabyo, no gukura kumashami namababi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, hariho amarushanwa akomeye ku ntungamubiri hagati yo gukura kw'ibimera (imishitsi n'amababi) no gukura kw'imyororokere (indabyo n'imbuto) muri iki gihe. Niba intungamubiri zitagereranywa zerekejwe kumikurire yimishitsi mishya, hasigara intungamubiri zikenewe kugirango imikurire yimyororokere itagabanuka, birashobora gutuma igabanuka rikomeye mbere yindabyo. Uku kumanuka kurashobora gukomeza nkigitonyanga cyindabyo nyuma yo kumera, bityo bikagabanya igipimo rusange cyimbuto. Byongeye kandi, niba ubutumburuke bwubutaka burenze urugero mugihe cyurabyo-bikavamo imizi mibi - kwinjiza intungamubiri bizangirika, bishobora no gutuma indabyo zigabanuka. Urebye imiterere yihariye nibiranga physiologique yindabyo zinzabibu, imicungire yumusaruro muriki gihe igomba gushyira imbere ibintu byingenzi bikurikira:
1. Ifumbire y'inyongera:
Kugabanya irushanwa ryintungamubiri hagati yikura ryibimera n’imyororokere mugihe cyurabyo - bityo bigahaza imirire ikenera indabyo n'imbuto - ifumbire mvaruganda igomba gukoreshwa mbere na nyuma yindabyo. Byongeye kandi, 0.2% –0.3% yumuti wa acide ya boric cyangwa borax ugomba guterwa mbere yindabyo kugirango uteze imbere imitsi yimyororokere no kuzamura igipimo cyimbuto. Na none kandi, hagomba kwitonderwa neza gucunga imizabibu kugirango uhumeke neza kandi winjire mumuzabibu. Mugihe cyindabyo zinzabibu, kugirango tubungabunge intungamubiri, kurangiza mugihe gikwiye nko guhambira imizabibu, kuvanaho imishitsi yuruhande, kurasa hejuru, guhina uduce, no gukuraho amatsinda ya kabiri ni ngombwa.
2. Shimangira ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe
Imizabibu ihingwa muri pariki, hagomba kwitonderwa cyane kugenzura ubushyuhe bwimbere nubushuhe. Ibi ni ngombwa mu kuzamura igipimo cy’imikurire y’imyanda no kwemeza ko imyanda n’ifumbire bigenda neza. Amabwiriza yo gucunga ubushyuhe kuri pariki ni aya akurikira: ubushyuhe bwo ku manywa bugomba kugumaho hafi 28 ° C, mugihe ubushyuhe bwijoro bugomba kubikwa hagati ya 16 ° C na 18 ° C. Kubijyanye no kugenzura ubuhehere: icyiciro cyo kumera gitangiye, kuhira bigomba guhagarikwa; ubuhehere bwikirere muri parike bugomba kubungabungwa hafi 50%, kandi birasabwa guhumeka kenshi. Inzabibu zahinzwe mumirima ifunguye, kugenzura neza ubushyuhe biragoye kubigeraho; icyakora, ubutumburuke bwubutaka burashobora gucungwa - hifashishijwe ingamba nko kurekura ubutaka no kugabanya ubuhehere - kugirango habeho ibidukikije bifasha indabyo nimbuto.
3. Shyira imbere Kunonosora no Gutunganya Amashurwe yindabyo
Ibi bigize igipimo cyingenzi cyo kugenzura neza umusaruro no kwemeza ko amatsinda yimbuto ari amwe kandi atunganijwe neza; rero, igomba gukorwa mubwitonzi bukomeye.
4. Kora ibihimbano byinyongera byubwoko bwumugore-Imikorere
Ubwoko bwinshi bwinzabibu bufite indabyo za hermafroditike kandi zishobora gusama muburyo busanzwe. Nyamara, ubwoko bwimikorere yabagore-bitewe no kwangirika kwingingo zabo-bisaba kwanduza byiyongera kugirango umusaruro ushimishije. Kubera iyo mpamvu, hagomba gushimangirwa cyane kubikorwa byo kwanduza ibihimbano.
5. Koresha Igenzura ryikura ryibihingwa mugihe gikwiye cyubwoko busaba kuvura imbuto
Kurugero, kubwoko butandukanye mumurongo wa "Jufeng", ubuvuzi bwa mbere ukoresheje GA3 bugomba gukoreshwa mugihe cyo kumera kwindabyo, hanyuma hagakurikiraho kuvurwa ubwa kabiri amatsinda yimbuto nyuma yiminsi 10 kugeza 15.
6. Kurwanya ibyonnyi n'indwara
Iminsi ibiri cyangwa ine mbere yuko indabyo zitangira, ni ngombwa gukoresha imiti yica udukoko twica udukoko. Hagomba gushyirwa imbere kurwanya udukoko n'indwara zikurikira: Botrytis cinerea (Gray Mold), Anthracnose, Downy Mildew, Cluster Stem Blight, Inyenzi zangiza, ninyenzi za Scarab.
Mu gihe cyo gutanga inzabibu, igihe cyo gutangira indabyo kugeza kirangiye ubusanzwe kimara iminsi igera kuri 4 kugeza kuri 14 mu mwaka usanzwe, aho usanga imanza nyinshi ziri munsi yiminsi 7 kugeza 12.
Ibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumurabyo winzabibu no gushiraho imbuto harimo ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, ibihe byamapfa, n umuyaga. Icyiciro cyindabyo gishyira hejuru kubushyuhe; inzabibu cyane cyane iyo ubushyuhe bwikirere burenze 25 ° C, hamwe nubushyuhe bwiza ni 27.5 ° C. Ku rundi ruhande, niba ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere bugabanutse munsi ya 15 ° C, inzabibu ntizishobora kurabyo bisanzwe, kandi uburyo bwo gusama buzahagarikwa.
Ubushuhe bwiza ugereranije mugihe cyindabyo ni 56%; ibihe birimo imvura nyinshi cyangwa amapfa bizagira ingaruka mbi kumurabyo no kwanduza. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bwubutaka bukunda gutera uburabyo hakiri kare, mugihe ubutumburuke buke bwubutaka butera kumera neza. Umuyaga ni ikindi kintu gikomeye kigira ingaruka ku ndabyo; umuyaga mwinshi ubangamira inzira kandi urashobora kongera igitonyanga cyindabyo.
Mugihe cyo kurabyo kwinzabibu, igihe cyo kumera kiba buri munsi hagati ya 6h00 na 11h00 za mugitondo, hamwe nibikorwa bikomeye biba hagati ya 7h00 AM na 9:00 AM. Ikiringo kibaho iminsi 3 kugeza kuri 5 nyuma yindabyo kiranga icyiciro cya mbere cyimbuto zumubiri. Mugihe cyo kumera kwinzabibu, intungamubiri nyinshi zirakoreshwa kugirango zifashe kurabyo, gutandukanya indabyo, no gukura kumashami namababi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, hariho amarushanwa akomeye ku ntungamubiri hagati yo gukura kw'ibimera (imishitsi n'amababi) no gukura kw'imyororokere (indabyo n'imbuto) muri iki gihe. Niba intungamubiri zitagereranywa zerekejwe kumikurire yimishitsi mishya, hasigara intungamubiri zikenewe kugirango imikurire yimyororokere itagabanuka, birashobora gutuma igabanuka rikomeye mbere yindabyo. Uku kumanuka kurashobora gukomeza nkigitonyanga cyindabyo nyuma yo kumera, bityo bikagabanya igipimo rusange cyimbuto. Byongeye kandi, niba ubutumburuke bwubutaka burenze urugero mugihe cyurabyo-bikavamo imizi mibi - kwinjiza intungamubiri bizangirika, bishobora no gutuma indabyo zigabanuka. Urebye imiterere yihariye nibiranga physiologique yindabyo zinzabibu, imicungire yumusaruro muriki gihe igomba gushyira imbere ibintu byingenzi bikurikira:
1. Ifumbire y'inyongera:
Kugabanya irushanwa ryintungamubiri hagati yikura ryibimera n’imyororokere mugihe cyurabyo - bityo bigahaza imirire ikenera indabyo n'imbuto - ifumbire mvaruganda igomba gukoreshwa mbere na nyuma yindabyo. Byongeye kandi, 0.2% –0.3% yumuti wa acide ya boric cyangwa borax ugomba guterwa mbere yindabyo kugirango uteze imbere imitsi yimyororokere no kuzamura igipimo cyimbuto. Na none kandi, hagomba kwitonderwa neza gucunga imizabibu kugirango uhumeke neza kandi winjire mumuzabibu. Mugihe cyindabyo zinzabibu, kugirango tubungabunge intungamubiri, kurangiza mugihe gikwiye nko guhambira imizabibu, kuvanaho imishitsi yuruhande, kurasa hejuru, guhina uduce, no gukuraho amatsinda ya kabiri ni ngombwa.
2. Shimangira ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe
Imizabibu ihingwa muri pariki, hagomba kwitonderwa cyane kugenzura ubushyuhe bwimbere nubushuhe. Ibi ni ngombwa mu kuzamura igipimo cy’imikurire y’imyanda no kwemeza ko imyanda n’ifumbire bigenda neza. Amabwiriza yo gucunga ubushyuhe kuri pariki ni aya akurikira: ubushyuhe bwo ku manywa bugomba kugumaho hafi 28 ° C, mugihe ubushyuhe bwijoro bugomba kubikwa hagati ya 16 ° C na 18 ° C. Kubijyanye no kugenzura ubuhehere: icyiciro cyo kumera gitangiye, kuhira bigomba guhagarikwa; ubuhehere bwikirere muri parike bugomba kubungabungwa hafi 50%, kandi birasabwa guhumeka kenshi. Inzabibu zahinzwe mumirima ifunguye, kugenzura neza ubushyuhe biragoye kubigeraho; icyakora, ubutumburuke bwubutaka burashobora gucungwa - hifashishijwe ingamba nko kurekura ubutaka no kugabanya ubuhehere - kugirango habeho ibidukikije bifasha indabyo nimbuto.
3. Shyira imbere Kunonosora no Gutunganya Amashurwe yindabyo
Ibi bigize igipimo cyingenzi cyo kugenzura neza umusaruro no kwemeza ko amatsinda yimbuto ari amwe kandi atunganijwe neza; rero, igomba gukorwa mubwitonzi bukomeye.
4. Kora ibihimbano byinyongera byubwoko bwumugore-Imikorere
Ubwoko bwinshi bwinzabibu bufite indabyo za hermafroditike kandi zishobora gusama muburyo busanzwe. Nyamara, ubwoko bwimikorere yabagore-bitewe no kwangirika kwingingo zabo-bisaba kwanduza byiyongera kugirango umusaruro ushimishije. Kubera iyo mpamvu, hagomba gushimangirwa cyane kubikorwa byo kwanduza ibihimbano.
5. Koresha Igenzura ryikura ryibihingwa mugihe gikwiye cyubwoko busaba kuvura imbuto
Kurugero, kubwoko butandukanye mumurongo wa "Jufeng", ubuvuzi bwa mbere ukoresheje GA3 bugomba gukoreshwa mugihe cyo kumera kwindabyo, hanyuma hagakurikiraho kuvurwa ubwa kabiri amatsinda yimbuto nyuma yiminsi 10 kugeza 15.
6. Kurwanya ibyonnyi n'indwara
Iminsi ibiri cyangwa ine mbere yuko indabyo zitangira, ni ngombwa gukoresha imiti yica udukoko twica udukoko. Hagomba gushyirwa imbere kurwanya udukoko n'indwara zikurikira: Botrytis cinerea (Gray Mold), Anthracnose, Downy Mildew, Cluster Stem Blight, Inyenzi zangiza, ninyenzi za Scarab.
Inyandiko za vuba
Amakuru Yerekanwe
