Ubuchwephesha bokuLawula obuPhambili beXesha lokuNtyamba kweediliya: Ifuthe elithe ngqo kwiSivuno kunye noMgangatho

Ixesha elisusela ekuqaliseni kweentyatyambo ukuya ekudumbeni kweziqhamo ezisakhulayo lenza inqanaba elibaluleke kakhulu kumjikelo wokukhula komdiliya. Ukusebenza kakuhle kolawulo kwesi sigaba kumisela ngokuthe ngqo isivuno kunye nomgangatho weediliya eziveliswe kulo nyaka. Iiprayorithi zolawulo oluphambili kweli xesha zichazwe ngezantsi:

Kumjikelo wemveliso yeediliya, ixesha ukusuka ekuqaliseni kweentyatyambo ukuya ekugqityweni kwayo lihlala malunga neentsuku ezi-4 ukuya kwezili-14 kunyaka oqhelekileyo, kwaye iimeko ezininzi ziwela kuluhlu lweentsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezili-12.

Imiba ephambili ephembelela ukudubula kweediliya kunye nokumila kweziqhamo kubandakanya ubushushu, ukufuma, iimeko zembalela kunye nomoya. Inqanaba leentyatyambo libeka iimfuno eziphezulu kubushushu; umdiliya utyatyamba kakhulu xa amaqondo obushushu omoya engaphaya kwe 25°C, elona qondo liphezulu lingama 27.5°C. Ngokuchasene noko, ukuba amaqondo obushushu omoya ehla ngaphantsi kwe-15 ° C, iidiliya azikwazi ukudubula ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye iinkqubo zokuchumisa ziya kuthintelwa.

Okona kufuma okufanelekileyo ngexesha leentyantyambo yi-56%; Iimeko ezibandakanya imvula egqithisileyo okanye imbalela iya kuba nefuthe elibi kokubini ukudubula kweentyatyambo kunye nokudluliselwa kwembewu. Amanqanaba aphezulu okufuma komhlaba akholisa ukubangela iintyatyambo zakwangoko, ngelixa ukufuma okuphantsi komhlaba kubangela ukulibaziseka kweentyatyambo. Umoya ngomnye umba obalulekileyo ochaphazela iintyatyambo; imimoya ebhudla ngamandla iyonakalisa inkqubo kwaye inokwenza kube mandundu ukuwa kweentyatyambo.

Ngexesha leentyantyambo zediliya, elona xesha liphezulu lokudumba lenzeka yonke imihla phakathi kwentsimbi yesi-6:00 AM kunye nentsimbi ye-11:00 AM, owona msebenzi unzima uqhubeka phakathi kweye-7:00 AM kunye ne-9:00 AM. Ixesha elivela kwiintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5 emva kokutyatyamba liphawula inqanaba lokuqala lokuhla kweziqhamo. Ngexesha lokudumba kweediliya, izixa ezikhulu zezondlo zisetyenziselwa ukuxhasa ukudubula kweentyatyambo, ukwahlulahlula kwamathupha weentyatyambo, kunye nokukhula kwamahlumelo namagqabi. Ngenxa yoko, kukho ukhuphiswano olumandla lwezondlo phakathi kokukhula kwezityalo (amahlumela namagqabi) kunye nokukhula kokuzala (iintyatyambo neziqhamo) ngeli xesha. Ukuba isixa esingalinganiyo sezondlo siyaphambukiswa ekukhuleni kwamahlumelo amatsha, sishiya iimfuno zezondlo zokukhula kokuzala zingafezekiswanga, oko kunokukhokelela ekuweni kwamathupha okubalulekileyo phambi kokudubula kweentyatyambo. Oku kuthotywa kwentyatyambo kunokuqhubeka njengoko intyatyambo iwa emva kokudumba, nto leyo enciphisa umyinge wokumiselwa kweziqhamo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba amanqanaba okunyakama komhlaba agqithise ngexesha leentyantyambo-okukhokelela ekungeneni kweengcambu ezisezantsi-ukufunxa kwezondlo kuya kuphazamiseka, oku kunokukhokelela ekuweni kweentyatyambo. Xa kujongwa iimeko ezithile kunye neempawu zefiziyoloji yokudumba kweediliya, ulawulo lwemveliso ngeli xesha kufuneka lubeke phambili le miba ingundoqo ilandelayo:


1. UkuFaka izichumiso:
Ukunciphisa ukhuphiswano lwezondlo phakathi kokukhula kwezityalo nokuzala ngexesha leentyatyambo—kwaye ngaloo ndlela kwaneliswa iimfuno zesondlo sokudumba kweentyatyambo neseti yeziqhamo—ukuchumisa okongeziweyo kufuneka kugalelwe phambi nasemva kokudubula kweentyatyambo. Ukongeza, isisombululo se-0.2% -0.3% se-boric acid okanye i-borax kufuneka sitshizwe ngaphambi kokudubula kweentyatyambo ukukhuthaza ukwanda kwetyhubhu ye-pollen kunye nokunyusa izinga lokumisela iziqhamo. Ngaxeshanye, uqwalaselo olucokisekileyo kufuneka luhlawulwe kulawulo lwediliya ukuze kuphuculwe ukungena komoya kunye nokukhanya kokungena ngaphakathi kwentsimi yediliya. Ngexesha leentyantyambo zediliya, ukuze kugcinwe ukusetyenziswa kwezakhamzimba, ukwenziwa kwangethuba kwemisebenzi efana nokubopha umdiliya, ukususwa kwamagqabi asecaleni, ukunqunqa ihlumelo, ukucudiswa kwencam yeqela, kunye nokususwa kweqela lesibini kubalulekile.

2. Ukomeleza ubushushu kunye noLawulo lokufuma
Kwiidiliya ezilinywa kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo, ingqwalasela engqongqo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekulawuleni ubushushu bangaphakathi kunye nokufuma. Oku kubalulekile ekuphuculeni izinga lokuntshula kwe-pollen kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuqhubela phambili okugudileyo kwe-pollination kunye nokuchumisa. Izikhokelo zolawulo lobushushu bendlu eluhlaza zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: amaqondo obushushu emini kufuneka agcinwe malunga ne-28°C, ngelixa ebusuku kufuneka agcinwe phakathi kwe-16°C kunye ne-18°C. Ngokumalunga nolawulo lokufuma: nje ukuba inqanaba leentyatyambo liqalise, ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka kunqunyanyiswe; ukufuma komoya ngaphakathi kwi-greenhouse kufuneka kugcinwe malunga ne-50%, kunye nokungena komoya rhoqo kuyadingeka. Kwimidiliya ekhuliswe kwiindawo ezivulekileyo, ukulawula ubushushu obuchanekileyo kunzima ukufikelela; nangona kunjalo, amanqanaba okufuma komhlaba anokulawulwa-ngemilinganiselo efana nokukhulula umhlaba kunye nokunciphisa ukufuma-ukudala indawo evumela ukudubula kweentyatyambo kunye nokumisela iziqhamo.

3. Beka phambili ukuCwangciswa nokuGcisa amaQela eentyatyambo
Oku kwenza umlinganiselo obalulekileyo wokulawula isivuno ngokwengqiqo nokuqinisekisa ukuba amaqela eziqhamo ayafana kwaye acwangciswe kakuhle; ke ngoko, kufuneka wenziwe ngononophelo olukhulu.

4. Yenza i-Artificial Supplementary Pollination kwiindidi ezisebenzayo zabasetyhini
Uninzi lweentlobo zeediliya zineentyantyambo ze-hermaphroditic kwaye zinokuchunyiswa ngokwemvelo. Nangona kunjalo, iintlobo ezisebenzayo zemazi-ngenxa yokuncipha kwe-stamens yazo-zifuna ukuthunyelwa kwe-pollination eyongezelelweyo ukuphumeza isivuno esiphezulu. Ngako oko, ugxininiso olumandla kufuneka lubekwe kwisenzo sokwenziwa kwepollination eyongezelelweyo eyenziweyo.

5. Faka iziLawuli zokuKhula kweZityalo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo ezifuna unyango lokungabi nambewu.
Umzekelo, kwiindidi ngaphakathi komnombo we "Jufeng", unyango lokuqala olusebenzisa i-GA3 kufuneka lusetyenziswe ngexesha lenqanaba leentyantyambo eziphakamileyo, kulandele unyango lwesibini lweqela leziqhamo kwiintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwe-15 kamva.

6. Ulawulo Lwezinambuzane Nezifo
Kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezine phambi kokuqala kweentyatyambo, kunyanzelekile ukuba kugalelwe imichiza yothintelo lokungunda kunye namayeza okubulala izinambuzane. Okuphambili kufuneka kunikwe ekulawuleni ezi zinambuzane zilandelayo nezifo: iBotrytis cinerea (iGrey Mold), iAnthracnose, i-Downy Mildew, iCluster Stem Blight, i-Clearwing Moths, kunye ne-Scarab Beetles.