UThintelwa Njani Ukukhula Kwezityalo Okugqithisileyo Ngelixa Kukhuthazwa Uphuhliso Lweziqhamo

Izicwangciso eziliqili ezininzi zokulawula ukuKhula okuNgqongileyo kwezityalo

1. Ukutshintshana phakathi kokunkcenkceshela okunzima nokulula.
Ehlotyeni, ukunkcenkceshela kufeza injongo ezimbini zokuzalisa ukufuma kunye nokunciphisa amaqondo obushushu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukunkcenkceshela kuxhaphake kakhulu okanye umthamo wamanzi ugqithise-okukhokelela kumswakama ophezulu kakhulu womhlaba-inkqubo yeengcambu inokuhlala ingekho kufuphi nomhlaba kunokuba ingene nzulu emhlabeni, ekhokelela ekungalingani ekukhuleni kwezityalo. Ngoko ke, kuyacetyiswa ukuba unkcenkceshele rhoqo usebenzisa amanani amancinci, okanye ukutshintshana phakathi kweeseshoni zokunkcenkceshela ezinzima kunye nezilula.

2. Nciphisa ukufaka isichumiso senitrogen.
Ukukhula okugqithisileyo kwezityalo kwizityalo kudla ngokunxulunyaniswa nezinga eliphezulu lenitrogen emhlabeni—ingakumbi i-ammonium nitrogen—ethi imifuno ifunxe ngokukhawuleza, ngaloo ndlela ibangela ukukhula okukhawulezayo nokungalawulekiyo. Ukunqanda esi siqu sigqithisileyo kunye nokukhula kwamagqabi, abalimi kufuneka bahlengahlengise ngononophelo umlinganiselo wabo wezichumisi. Xa usebenzisa izichumisi ezongezelelweyo (ukugqoka okuphezulu), beka phambili iimveliso ezifana ne-monopotassium phosphate okanye i-calcium ukumiswa ukuze uzalise ngokukodwa i-potassium, i-calcium kunye ne-phosphorus. Ezi zinokudityaniswa nezichumiso ezisekwe kwi-amino acid ukomeleza ukufunxwa kwezondlo, ukulinganisa amandla ezityalo, ukukhulisa ukukhula kwezityalo, kunye nokomeleza ukuxhathisa izifo.

3. Yandisa umahluko wobushushu bemini nobusuku.
Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaqondo obushushu emini nasebusuku yimfuneko yokuqokelelwa kweemveliso zephotosynthetic. Ukugcina iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi kwe 10°C ukuya kwi 12°C kungakhokelela ekukhuleni kwezityalo ngamandla, kunye nezivuno eziphezulu kunye nomgangatho ophezulu weziqhamo.

4. Sebenzisa izilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo ukulawula ukukhula okugqithisileyo.
Xa izityalo zemifuno zibonisa ukukhula okunamandla ngokugqithisileyo, ukusetyenziswa ngobuchule kwabalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo yenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zolawulo ezikhoyo. Ukukhula okugqithisileyo kwezityalo kunokuba nefuthe elibi ukumila kweentyatyambo, umgangatho wokwahlukana kwamathupha, kunye nesantya sokwanda kweziqhamo; ngoko ke, abalimi kufuneka bangenelele kwangoko. Idosi ethile yokulawula ukukhula kwezityalo efunekayo iya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba langoku lokukhula kwesityalo kunye nobukhulu bokukhula okugqithisileyo. Abalimi kufuneka baqikelele ugxininiso lwesicelo oluchanekileyo ngokujonga imiyalelo yemveliso kwaye basebenzise amava abo okusebenza ukuphepha ukulawula ngokugqithisileyo izityalo.


5. Ukuqinisekisa ukutya okunokulinganisela ukukhuthaza ukwanda kweziqhamo.
Umgangatho wamathupha weentyatyambo uyalela ngokuthe ngqo isantya esilandelayo sokwanda kweziqhamo. Ngako oko, ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okukhawulezileyo kweziqhamo ekuhambeni kwexesha, kubalulekile kungekuphela nje ukulungelelanisa amandla esityalo ngokubanzi kodwa nokubeka phambili ukulungelelaniswa kokwahlulwa kwentyatyambo kwasekuqaleni.

6. Lungiselela ukwahlukana kwentyatyambo, zithene ngendlela eyiyo kunye nokususa ihlumelo elisecaleni, kwaye unciphise ukuphambukiswa kwezondlo kwiziqu namagqabi.
Ngexesha elishushu, ukuthena kunye nokususa amahlumela asecaleni kunceda ukuphucula ubume besityalo. Ngokusebenzisa amagqabi ukwenza umthunzi, esi senzo sinciphisa ukufumba kobushushu emhlabeni kwaye kunciphisa ukugqabhuka kwelanga kwisiqhamo. Ngaphaya koko, yehlisa inkcitho yezondlo, ngokwenjenjalo ikhuthaza ukwandiswa kweziqhamo. Ngenxa yoko, kwizityalo ezibonisa ukukhula ngamandla, amagqabi akhethiweyo atyunjwe ngamaxesha afanelekileyo kuyacetyiswa; oku kuqinisekisa ukuba indawo yamagqabi eyaneleyo yephotosynthetic iyagcinwa ngelixa ngaxeshanye kuncitshiswa ukusetyenziswa kwezondlo kunye nokukhokela ukuhamba okukhulu kwezondlo kwisiqhamo esikhulayo.

7. Qinisekisa ukubonelela ngokulinganayo kwezondlo, ngokuqwalasela ngokukodwa kwisekondari kunye ne-micronutrients.
Abalimi bemifuno bayacetyiswa kakhulu ukuba badibanise ngokucophelela ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi ze-basal kunye nokugqoka okuphezulu ukuphepha ukungalingani kwezondlo ezibangelwa ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwezinto ezithile. Kuphela kuxa imilinganiselo yezondlo ilungelelene—okukhokelela ekukhuleni okuqinileyo kwezityalo, iphotosynthesis enamandla, nokuqokelelana okukhulu kwezakhamzimba—apho umlinganiselo wokwandiswa kweziqhamo unokukhawuleziswa. Ngokuphathelele izondlo zesibini ezifana nekhalsiyam kunye nemagnesium, izityalo ezifana neecucurbits kunye nemifuno yesolanaceous zineemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu; ngoko ke, ngaphezu kokubandakanya ezi zinto kwi-basal fertilizer, kunenzuzo ukusebenzisa i-calcium- kunye ne-magnesium-rich fertilizer nge-fertigation (i-drip irrigation) kanye ngenyanga. I-Micronutrients-efana ne-boron, i-zinc, i-iron, kunye ne-silicon-ifuneka kwimilinganiselo encinci kakhulu kwaye inokuxhaswa ngokufanelekileyo ngokusebenzisa izitshizi ze-foliar; ngokwesiqhelo, isicelo esinye qho ngeentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-15 zanele.