Iindidi kunye neendlela zokuSebenza kwee-arhente eziqhelekileyo zokuGcinwa kweentyatyambo kunye neziqhamo kwimifuno

(I) IziLawuli zokuKhula kweZityalo

1. Ii-Auxins

(2,4-D), 4-CPA. Ezi arhente zisebenza ngokulinganisa i-endogenous plant auxins, ngaloo ndlela zikhuthaza ukwandiswa kweeseli kunye nokwahlulahlula, ziphucula umsebenzi wemetabolism ngaphakathi kwe-ovary, kunye ne-parthenocarpy (ukwakheka kweziqhamo ezingenambewu). I-2,4-D ibonisa umsebenzi ophezulu webhayoloji kwaye isetyenziswa rhoqo kwimifuno ye-solanaceous efana neetumato kunye ne-eggplants; nangona kunjalo, ukugxininiswa kwayo kwesicelo kufuneka kulawulwe ngokungqongqo (ngokuqhelekileyo i-10-20 mg/L ye-tomato), njengoko ukugxininiswa okugqithisileyo kunokukhokelela ngokulula kwisiqhamo esingalunganga. I-4-CPA inikezela ngeprofayile yokhuseleko ephezulu kwaye ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zemifuno, kubandakanywa iitumato, iikomkomere, kunye neepepile, ngokuqhelekileyo kugxininiso olusuka ku-25 ukuya ku-50 mg/L.

2. IiGibberellins

I-Gibberellic Acid (GA3) ikhuthaza ukwandiswa kweeseli kwaye iphule ukulala, ngokwenjenjalo inyusa izinga lokumisela iziqhamo. Ekulinyweni komdiliya, ukusebenzisa iGA3 (50 mg/L) ngexesha lokudumba kungakhuthaza ukwanda kwamaqunube kunye nokunciphisa ukuqina kwesiqu (ukuqina kwesiqu sesiqhamo). Kwi-strawberries, ukutshiza i-GA3 (5-10 mg / L) ngexesha leentyantyambo zeentyantyambo zikhawuleza ukunyusa i-peduncle kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-pollination.

3. Iicytokinins

Imizekelo ibandakanya i-6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA) kunye ne-Forchlorfenuron (KT-30). Ezi arhente zikhuthaza ukwahlukana kweeseli, ukulibaziseka kwe-senescence, kunye nokwandisa inani elipheleleyo leeseli ngaphakathi kwesiqhamo. I-Forchlorfenuron isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiivatala kunye ne-melon, apho ikhuthaza kakhulu ukwandiswa kweziqhamo; nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa okungafanelekanga kunokukhokelela ngokulula kumaziko angenanto okanye ukungahambi kakuhle ngaphakathi kwesiqhamo.


(II) Iinkalo zeZondlo

1. Izichumisi zeBoron

I-Boron idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekudibaneni kwezinto ze-pectin ngaphakathi kweendonga zeeseli zesityalo kwaye ikhuthaza ukuntshula kwepollen kunye nokwandiswa kwetyhubhu ye-pollen. Ukunqongophala kweBoron kukhokelela ekukhuleni okulambathayo kwamalungu entyatyambo kunye nokuncipha kokusebenza kwepollen kwimifuno, nto leyo ebangela ukuwa kweentyatyambo neziqhamo. Ukutshiza isisombululo se-0.1% -0.2% se-borax okanye i-boric acid ngexesha leentyatyambo kunokunyusa kakhulu imilinganiselo yokumisela iziqhamo kwimifuno efana neetumato, ukhukhamba kunye nemifuno.

2. Izichumisi zeCalcium

Ikhalsiyam izinzisa ubume bemembrane yeseli kwaye yongeza ukuqina kweziqhamo kunye nokumelana noxinzelelo. Iziphazamiso zePhysiological-ezifana nokubola kokuphela kwentyatyambo kwiitumato kunye nepepile-zinxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo nokusilela kwe-calcium. Ukufakwa kwe 0.3%–0.5% ye calcium chloride okanye isisombululo se-calcium sugar alcohol (0.3%-0.5%) ngexesha leziqhamo kunokuthintela izifo ezinje kwaye kwandise ixesha leshelufu yesiqhamo.

3. Izichumiso zePhosphorus kunye nePotassium

I-Phosphorus ithatha inxaxheba kwimetabolism yamandla ezityalo kwaye ikhuthaza ukuhlukana kweentyatyambo; ipotassium yongeza ukuxhathisa koxinzelelo lwesityalo kwaye iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuthutha iimveliso zephotosynthetic ukuya kwisiqhamo. Ukufakwa kwefoliar yesisombululo se-0.2% -0.3% se-monopotassium phosphate kunokonyusa kakhulu amandla okudubula kunye nokubeka iziqhamo kwimifuno.


(III) Ii-Biostimulants

1. Izicatshulwa zokhula lwaselwandle

Zityebile kwizinto ezisebenzayo ezifana ne-polysaccharides, iikhompawundi ze-phenolic, kunye nezilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo, ezi zicatshulwa zomeleza ukuxhathisa koxinzelelo lwezityalo kwaye zikhuthaza ukwahluka kwentyatyambo kunye nophuhliso lweziqhamo. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukufaka isichumiso samagqabi esine alginic acid ngexesha lokuntshula kweentyatyambo ze cucumber kunokunyusa izinga lokubeka iziqhamo nge 15%–20%.

2. I-Humic Acids

Ezi ngxubevange ziphucula ubume bomhlaba, zikhuthaza ukukhula kweengcambu, kwaye zongeze isakhono sesityalo sokufumana izondlo. Ukongeza, i-humic acids ilawula ibhalansi yeehomoni zezityalo ezingapheliyo, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ukugcinwa kweentyatyambo kunye neziqhamo kwizityalo zemifuno.