Ukusetyenziswa kweziLawuli zokuKhula kweZityalo kwimifuno: Iimbotyi

1. Iimbotyi eziluhlaza (iimbotyi zeSnap)

UkuKhuthazwa kokuNtshula
Ukukhawulezisa ukuntshula kwembewu kunye nokunyusa izinga lokuntshula-ngaloo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukuba izithole ezifanayo nezomeleleyo-imbewu inokucwiliswa iiyure ezi-6 kwesinye sezi zisombululo zilandelayo: I-Gibberellic Acid kwi-200-300 mg/L, i-Sodium Nitrophenolates kwi-6–8 mg-heethyl aminoate, okanye i-Dixaethyl aminoate 10–12 mg/L. Zontathu iindlela zifezekisa ngempumelelo esi siphumo.

Ulawulo ngeXesha leeNqanaba leZithole kunye nokuKhula

Iimbotyi eziluhlaza azifuni kulinywa kwibhedi ye-nursery; endaweni yoko, zihlwayelwa ngokuthe ngqo ebaleni. Ngapha koko, iindlela zokusebenzisa izilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo-ukususela kwixesha lokuhluma ukuya kumanqanaba okukhula aphakathi ukuya mva-ziyahambelana kakhulu, njengoko kuchaziwe ngezantsi:

I-Sodium Nitrophenolates
Gcoba iSodium Nitrophenolates kuxinaniso lwe-6 mg/L, utshiza izityalo malunga neentsuku ezili-10, ukuqala kwinqanaba le-real-leaf. Olu nyango lungaqhubela phambili ixesha lokuvuna iimbotyi eziluhlaza ngeentsuku ezisi-8-10 kwaye lwandise isivuno malunga nama-30%.

I-Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6)
Faka isicelo se-DA-6 kwi-concentration ye-5-15 mg/L, utshiza izityalo malunga neentsuku ezili-10, ukususela kwinqanaba le-real-leaf. Olu nyango lungaqhubela phambili ixesha lokuvuna iimbotyi eziluhlaza ngeentsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5 ngelixa ngaxeshanye ilibazisa ukuvuthwa kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokuvuna, okukhokelela ekunyukeni kwesivuno ngama-55% ukuya kuma-60%.

I-Triacontanol
Faka isicelo se-Triacontanol kwi-concentration ye-0.5 mg/L ngokutshiza izityalo ekuqaleni kweentyatyambo. Oku kukhuthaza ukusetwa kwepod. Isicelo sesibini kufuneka senziwe emva kweentsuku ezi-7-10; zizonke, izicelo ezi-2–3 ziyacetyiswa. Le rejimeni inokunyusa izivuno zeembotyi eziluhlaza malunga ne-10%, kunye neempembelelo ezibaluleke kakhulu kwimveliso yasekuqaleni kwexesha lonyaka.

Amanqaku okusebenzisa aBalulekileyo: Elona xesha lifanelekileyo lokufakwa kweembotyi eziluhlaza kusekuqaleni kokudubula kweentyatyambo, njengoko oku kunceda kakhulu ekugcinweni kweentyatyambo kunye nokukhula komdumba okwandileyo. Ukuba isetyenziswe kwangoko kakhulu okanye emva kwexesha kakhulu, iziphumo aziyi kuchazwa njengezo zifunyenwe ngexesha lokudubula kweentyatyambo. I-Triacontanol iyahambelana ne-pesticides kunye ne-trace elements; ngokukodwa, ukusebenza kwayo kuphuculwe ngakumbi xa ixutywe kwaye isetyenziswe kunye ne-Monopotassium Phosphate (KH₂PO₄).

2. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

Ukukhuthaza ukuntshula kweMbewu

I-Brassinolide (BR)
Ukucwiliswa kwembewu kwi-0.01-0.05 mg / L isisombululo se-Brassinolide kwiiyure ze-10 kunokunyusa ukunyuswa kwe-oksijini kwimbewu kunye nokukhuthaza ukuhluma.

I-Acid eHumic
Ukucwiliswa kwembewu kwisisombululo se-10-50 mg /L ye-Humic Acid iiyure ezili-12 kunokukhuthaza ukuhluma.

I-Sodium Nitrophenolates
Ukucwiliswa kwembewu kwi-3-6 mg/L isisombululo se-Sodium Nitrophenolates kwiiyure ze-12 kunokukhuthaza ukuhluma.

DA-6
Ukucwina imbewu kwi-10-15 mg/L isisombululo se-DA-6 kwiiyure ze-12 kunokukhuthaza ukuhluma.

Ukwandisa Izivuno
I-Triacontanol
Ukunyanga izityalo ze-cowpea nge-Triacontanol kunokunyusa izinga lokuseta i-pod. Oku kunenzuzo ngakumbi ngexesha lentwasahlobo, xa amaqondo obushushu aphantsi ehlala ethintela ukwakheka kweepod; phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, unyango lwe-Triacontanol lunokunyusa kakhulu izinga lokumisela i-pod, ukuququzelela izivuno eziphezulu kwangaphambili kunye nokunyusa imbuyekezo yezoqoqosho. Ngokutshiza ngamahlamvu nge-0.5 mg/L isisombululo se-Triacontanol kanye kwinqanaba lokuqala lokuntshula kweentyatyambo kwaye kwakhona kwinqanaba lokuqala lokubeka imidumba, izivuno zecowpea zinokunyuswa nge-12%. Ukusetyenziswa kubandakanya ukutshiza isityalo sonke nge-0.5 mg/L Triacontanol ngexesha leentyantyambo zokuqala kunye namanqanaba okuqala okumisela i-pod.

DA-6
I-DA-6 iphucula i-photosynthesis, inyusa umxholo we-chlorophyll, inyusa isityalo sokufunxa i-CO₂, ilawula umlinganiselo we-carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) wesityalo, kwaye iphucula ukuxhathisa kwesifo kuwo omabini amagqabi kunye nesityalo sonke, okukhokelela ekukhuleni okunamandla. Ngethuba lexesha lokukhula, ukusebenzisa i-spray ye-foliar ye-10-12 mg / L DA-6 ngexesha leentsuku ze-15-kwi-totali ye-2 ukuya kwi-3 izicelo-inokunyusa isivuno ngaphezu kwe-20%.

Ukugcinwa kwasemva kokuvunwa
2,4-D:Ukunyanga i-cowpea pods ezivuniweyo kunye nesisombululo se-10-20 mg /L ye-2,4-D kwandisa inqanaba le-hormone engapheliyo ye-IAA ngaphakathi kwemidumba ngelixa ngaxeshanye kunciphisa umsebenzi we-peroxidase. Ngaphaya koko, olu nyango luthibaza ngokuyinxenye ukuthuthwa kwezondlo ukusuka kwiindonga zemidumba ukuya kwimbewu ekhulayo kwaye kulibazisa ukuthotywa kweklorofili ngaphakathi kwemidumba, ngalo ndlela yandisa ubomi beshelufa basemva kokuvunwa kwe-cowpeas.

3. Iimbotyi eziBanzi

Ngexesha lokukhula kunye nophuhliso lweembotyi ezibanzi, ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo zokulawula ukukhula kwezityalo ezinomlinganiselo ophantsi akukhuthazi nje ukukhula kunye nophuhliso kodwa kwakhona kuthintela intyatyambo kunye ne-pod abscission, inqanda ukugquma kwe-apical, kwaye iphakamisa ukunyamezela kwesityalo esibanda kunye nokumelana nokulala, ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswa injongo yokwandisa isivuno.

Ukuthintela ukuKhutshwa
Isodium 1-Naphthyl Acetic Acid (Na-NAA)
Ukutshiza isisombululo esixubileyo se-10 mg/L Na-NAA kunye ne-1000 mg/L ye-boric acid kwiindawo apho i-buds, iintyatyambo, okanye i-pods ziphantsi kwe-abscission ebalulekileyo inokunciphisa kakhulu ukuchithwa kunye nokwandisa inani lemidumba eyenziwe. Ukulandela ukufakwa kwesicelo, umyinge wesivuno sendawo enye ngokuqhelekileyo unyuka nge-15-20 kg, kwaye ukuvuthwa kuqhubela phambili ngeentsuku ezi-5-7; oku kwenza isingqinisiso esilula, esisebenzayo, esinoqoqosho, nesisebenzayo sokwandisa isivuno. Elona xesha lifanelekileyo lokutshiza ziintsuku ezisibekele okanye ngorhatya ngeentsuku ezinelanga; xa utshiza isityalo sonke, kungcono ukuba uqondise ukutshiza ngaphantsi kwamagqabi.

Ukwandisa Isivuno
Paclobutrazol (Paclo)
Ukutshiza nge-200-300 mg/L Paclobutrazol (Paclo) ngexesha lembotyi ebanzi yokuqala iintyatyambo ukuya kumanqanaba apheleleyo kubangela ukwanda okukhulu kwesivuno. Ngokweemvavanyo ezenziwe ngamaziko afanelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwePaclobutrazol kunokunyusa isivuno nge-18.5%; emva kokufakwa kwesicelo, ukuphakama kwesityalo ngokuqhelekileyo kuncipha malunga ne-15 cm, ubukhulu besebe bunyuka nge-21.2%, kwaye inani lemidumba kwisityalo ngasinye linyuka nge-12.6%.

Ngokumalunga neendlela zokusetyenziswa, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngenyameko ixesha; ukutshiza kwangethuba okanye emva kwexesha kakhulu kuya kubeka esichengeni impumelelo yonyango. Kumasimi abonisa ukukhula kakubi, imveliso kufuneka isetyenziswe ngononophelo okanye ithintelwe ngokupheleleyo; ngokuchaseneyo, kumasimi abonisa ukuthambekela kwindawo yokulala, ugxininiso lunokwandiswa ukuya kuma-400 mg/L. Ngaphaya koko, emva kokufakwa kwesicelo, abalimi akufuneki baluyeke lula ulawulo lwabo lwesichumiso namanzi-nangona amagqabi ebonakala enombala oluhlaza mnyama-njengoko isondlo esifanelekileyo kunye nolawulo lokufuma luhlala lubalulekile.

I-Sodium Nitrophenolates
Ukufaka isisombululo se-6-9 mg/L yeSodium Nitrophenolates kanye ngexesha lesigaba sezithole, isigaba sokuqhakaza okupheleleyo, kunye nenqanaba lokubeka i-pod-setting yeembotyi ezibanzi kunokomeleza izithole kunye nokwandisa isivuno.