Imisebenzi ye-Brassinolide (BR)
I-Brassinolide (BR) iyisilawuli sokukhula kwezitshalo esine-spectrum esibanzi futhi esisebenzayo. Yatholwa ososayensi bezolimo baseMelika ngo-1970 futhi yaqanjwa ngokuthi i-brassinolide, i-brassinolide ibizwa ngokuthi uhlobo lwesithupha lwe-hormone yezitshalo ngenxa yomthamo wayo omncane kanye nemiphumela esebenzayo.
Yini eyenziwa yi-Brassinolide (BR)?
I-Brassinolide (BR) ihlukile kwezinye izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo ngendlela yayo eyodwa eqondise ekukhuthazeni isivuno kanye nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi. Isibonelo, ayinayo nje kuphela imisebenzi ye-physiological ye-auxin ne-cytokinin, kodwa futhi inamandla okwandisa i-photosynthesis nokulawula ukusatshalaliswa kwezakhi, ikhuthaze ukuthuthwa kwama-carbohydrate kusuka esiqwini namaqabunga kuya okusanhlamvu, ukuthuthukisa ukumelana kwezitshalo ezicini ezingezinhle zangaphandle, futhi ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezingxenye ezibuthakathaka zesitshalo. Ngakho-ke, inokusebenziseka okubanzi kakhulu nokusebenziseka.
1. Ubumnandi kanye nemibala
Ukusebenzisa i-Brassinolide (BR) kungashubisa umoba futhi kwandise ingxenye yamaqabunga kagwayi aphakathi nendawo nasezingeni eliphezulu. Ukuwusebenzisa kumawolintshi kungathuthukisa iziphambeko ezifana nesikhumba esiwugqinsi, isithelo esinezibazi, isithelo esigwegwile, kanye ne-lignification ebangelwa ukufafaza ama-gibberellins. Ama-Lychees, amakhabe, njll. Isetshenziswa kubhontshisi, ingenza umfaniswano wezithelo, ithuthukise ukubukeka, inyuse intengo yokuthengisa futhi ikhulise imali engenayo.
2. Libazisa ukukhula kweqabunga
Igcina luhlaza isikhathi eside, iqinisa i-chlorophyll synthesis, ithuthukisa i-photosynthesis, futhi ikhuthaza umbala wamaqabunga ukuthi ujulise futhi uguquke ube luhlaza.
3. Thuthukisa izimbali futhi ulondoloze izithelo
Isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kanye nesiteji sezithelo ezincane, ingathuthukisa izimbali nezithelo futhi ivimbele ukuwohloka kwezithelo.
4. Ukukhuthaza ukuhlukana kwamaseli kanye nokwandiswa kwezithelo
Kungakhuthaza ngokusobala ukuhlukana kwamaseli futhi kukhuthaze ukukhula okuvundlile nokuma mpo kwezitho, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise isithelo.
5. Khulisa umkhiqizo
Ukwephula inzuzo ephezulu kanye nokukhuthaza ukuhluma kwama-lateral buds kungangena ekuhlukaniseni ama-buds, kukhuthaze ukwakheka kwamagatsha aseceleni, kwandise inani lamagatsha, kwandise inani lezimbali, kuthuthukise ukuvundiswa kwempova, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise inani lezithelo futhi kukhule ukukhiqizwa. .
6. Ukwenza ngcono ukuhwebelana kwezitshalo
Ikhuthaza i-parthenocarpy, ivimbela ukwehla kwezimbali nezithelo, ikhuthaze ukuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni, ikhulise okuqukethwe ushukela, ithuthukise ikhwalithi yezitshalo, futhi ithuthukise ukudayiswa.
7. Lawula futhi ulinganise ukudla okunomsoco
I-Brassinolide (BR) ayiwona umanyolo wamaqabunga futhi ayinawo umthelela wokudla okunempilo, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa okuxubile komanyolo we-foliar plus brassinolide kusebenza kahle kakhulu. Umanyolo we-Foliar ungangezelela izakhi zezitshalo, kodwa awunalo ikhono lokulinganisa nokulawula ukuthuthwa kwezakhi; I-Brassinolide (BR) ingahambisa imisoco ngendlela elinganiselayo, evumela ukuqondisa komsoco, ukuze kokubili ukukhula kwezitshalo nokuzalayo kwezitshalo kungathola imisoco enengqondo.
8. Nciphisa futhi ukwandise ukusebenza kahle, ubuyisele ukukhula ngokushesha
Ama-fungicides angacindezela kuphela izifo kodwa abe nomthelela omncane ekubuyiseleni ukukhula kwezitshalo. I-Brassinolide ingakwazi ukulinganisa ukuthuthwa kwezakhi, ikhuthaze ukumuncwa kwezimpande, futhi ikhuthaze i-photosynthesis. Ngakho-ke, lapho ama-fungicides ehlanganiswa nama-brassinoids, izinzuzo zawo ziyahambisana. I-Brassinolide (BR) isiza ekwelapheni izifo futhi inomphumela omuhle ekubuyiseni nasekukhuleni kwezitshalo.
9. Ukumelana nokubanda, ukumelana nesithwathwa, ukumelana nesomiso kanye nokumelana nezifo
Ngemuva kokuthi i-Brassinolide (BR) ingene esitshalweni, ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa i-photosynthesis futhi ikhuthaze ukukhula nokuthuthuka, kodwa futhi inomphumela okhethekile wokuvikela ohlelweni lwe-membrane yamangqamuzana esitshalo ukuze imelane nokulimala kwemvelo. Ingase futhi ikhuthaze umsebenzi wama-enzyme avikelayo esitshalweni, inciphise kakhulu izinto eziyingozi. Umonakalo ekukhuleni okuvamile kwezitshalo futhi uthuthukise ngokuphelele ukumelana nokucindezeleka kwezitshalo.
Ukuhlolwa kwenziwe ngerayisi, ukhukhamba, utamatisi, ugwayi, njll., futhi imiphumela ithi:
1) Izinga lokushisa eliphansi:
Ukufafaza i-Brassinolide (BR) kungakhuphula izinga lokumisa imbewu yezinhlobo zelayisi ngo-40.1% ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi. Umsebenzi wayo wokuphila wokuthuthukisa ukubekezelelana okubandayo kwerayisi ubonakaliswa ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukiseni umzimba we-physiological of rice kanye nokukhuthaza ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezitho zelayisi. Izitshalo ezilashwa nge-Brassinolide (BR) zithuthukise kakhulu izinkomba zezemvelo zokumelana nokubanda ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlola zika-1 kuya ku-5°C.
2) Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu:
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Brassinolide (BR) kungakhuphula kakhulu i-chlorophyll yeqabunga nokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni, i-superoxide dismutase (SOD) kanye nemisebenzi ye-peroxidase (POD) yezinhlobo zerayisi ezizwela ukushisa.
3) Usawoti-alkali:
Imbewu ephathwe nge-Brassinolide (BR) isengagcina izinga lokuhluma eliphezulu endaweni eyi-150 mmol NaCl. Ngemva kokuba izitshalo zebhali elashwe nge-Brassinolide (BR) zicwiliswe ku-500 mmol NaCl amahora angu-24, ukuhlolwa kwe-ultramicroscopic kwabonisa ukuthi isakhiwo samaqabunga ebhali sasivikelekile.
4) Isomiso:
Izitshalo ezifana ne-sugar beet ephathwa nge-Brassinolide (BR) zikhula kangcono kuneqembu elilawulayo endaweni yesomiso.
5) Ukumelana nezifo:
I-Brassinolide (BR) futhi inganciphisa umonakalo obangelwa izifo zezitshalo ezithile, njenge-rice sheath blight, isikhunta esimpunga sekhukhamba kanye ne-tomato blight late. Mayelana nogwayi, awugcini nje ngokukhuthaza ukukhula kukagwayi, kodwa futhi unomphumela wokulawula we-70% wesifo se-mosaic kagwayi. Kuyi-ejenti efanelekile yokuvimbela nokwelapha isifo se-mosaic kagwayi. Ukumelana nezifo kwezitshalo kulawulwa izakhi zofuzo zesitshalo ngokwaso. Kodwa-ke, i-Brassinolide (BR) ester ingakwazi ukulawula ngokuphelele izinqubo ze-physiological kanye ne-biochemical yesitshalo, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise isifo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengehomoni yesitshalo, i-Brassinolide (BR) ingase ibangele ukumelana okuthile. Ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo kuthuthukisa ukumelana nezifo kwezitshalo.
10. Khuthaza ukukhula kwezithombo
Uma isetshenziswa njengokwelashwa kwembewu noma ifuthwe esigabeni sezithombo, i-Brassinolide (BR) idlala indima ekukhuthazeni ukwakheka kwezimpande.
11. Umphumela okhulisa isivuno
Idatha yokuhlola yesayensi ibonisa ukuthi ngemva kokusebenzisa ama-brassinolides, ukukhiqizwa kwerayisi kungakhuphuka ngo-5.3% ~ 12.6%, ukukhiqizwa kommbila kungakhuphuka ngo-6.3% ~ 20.2%, ukukhiqizwa kwekhabe nemifino kungakhula ngo-12.6% ~ 38.8%, ukukhiqizwa kwamakinati inyuke ngo-10.4%~32.6%, kanti umoba unganyuka ngo-9.5%~ 18.9% (ushukela ukhuphuka ngo-0.5%~1%).
12. Yehlisa ukulimala kwezidakamizwa
Ama-herbicides, ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezibulala isikhunta, noma izilinganiso zokugxilisa ezingafanele kungabangela kalula i-phytotoxicity. Ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi kwe-Brassinolide (BR) kanye nomanyolo we-foliar wekhwalithi ephezulu kungalawula ukuthuthwa kwezakhi, kwengeze umsoco, futhi kunciphise ukulimala kwezitshalo okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kabi komonakalo wemithi, kusheshise ukululama kwezitshalo nokukhula.
Yini eyenziwa yi-Brassinolide (BR)?
I-Brassinolide (BR) ihlukile kwezinye izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo ngendlela yayo eyodwa eqondise ekukhuthazeni isivuno kanye nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi. Isibonelo, ayinayo nje kuphela imisebenzi ye-physiological ye-auxin ne-cytokinin, kodwa futhi inamandla okwandisa i-photosynthesis nokulawula ukusatshalaliswa kwezakhi, ikhuthaze ukuthuthwa kwama-carbohydrate kusuka esiqwini namaqabunga kuya okusanhlamvu, ukuthuthukisa ukumelana kwezitshalo ezicini ezingezinhle zangaphandle, futhi ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezingxenye ezibuthakathaka zesitshalo. Ngakho-ke, inokusebenziseka okubanzi kakhulu nokusebenziseka.
1. Ubumnandi kanye nemibala
Ukusebenzisa i-Brassinolide (BR) kungashubisa umoba futhi kwandise ingxenye yamaqabunga kagwayi aphakathi nendawo nasezingeni eliphezulu. Ukuwusebenzisa kumawolintshi kungathuthukisa iziphambeko ezifana nesikhumba esiwugqinsi, isithelo esinezibazi, isithelo esigwegwile, kanye ne-lignification ebangelwa ukufafaza ama-gibberellins. Ama-Lychees, amakhabe, njll. Isetshenziswa kubhontshisi, ingenza umfaniswano wezithelo, ithuthukise ukubukeka, inyuse intengo yokuthengisa futhi ikhulise imali engenayo.
2. Libazisa ukukhula kweqabunga
Igcina luhlaza isikhathi eside, iqinisa i-chlorophyll synthesis, ithuthukisa i-photosynthesis, futhi ikhuthaza umbala wamaqabunga ukuthi ujulise futhi uguquke ube luhlaza.
3. Thuthukisa izimbali futhi ulondoloze izithelo
Isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kanye nesiteji sezithelo ezincane, ingathuthukisa izimbali nezithelo futhi ivimbele ukuwohloka kwezithelo.
4. Ukukhuthaza ukuhlukana kwamaseli kanye nokwandiswa kwezithelo
Kungakhuthaza ngokusobala ukuhlukana kwamaseli futhi kukhuthaze ukukhula okuvundlile nokuma mpo kwezitho, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise isithelo.
5. Khulisa umkhiqizo
Ukwephula inzuzo ephezulu kanye nokukhuthaza ukuhluma kwama-lateral buds kungangena ekuhlukaniseni ama-buds, kukhuthaze ukwakheka kwamagatsha aseceleni, kwandise inani lamagatsha, kwandise inani lezimbali, kuthuthukise ukuvundiswa kwempova, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise inani lezithelo futhi kukhule ukukhiqizwa. .
6. Ukwenza ngcono ukuhwebelana kwezitshalo
Ikhuthaza i-parthenocarpy, ivimbela ukwehla kwezimbali nezithelo, ikhuthaze ukuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni, ikhulise okuqukethwe ushukela, ithuthukise ikhwalithi yezitshalo, futhi ithuthukise ukudayiswa.
7. Lawula futhi ulinganise ukudla okunomsoco
I-Brassinolide (BR) ayiwona umanyolo wamaqabunga futhi ayinawo umthelela wokudla okunempilo, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa okuxubile komanyolo we-foliar plus brassinolide kusebenza kahle kakhulu. Umanyolo we-Foliar ungangezelela izakhi zezitshalo, kodwa awunalo ikhono lokulinganisa nokulawula ukuthuthwa kwezakhi; I-Brassinolide (BR) ingahambisa imisoco ngendlela elinganiselayo, evumela ukuqondisa komsoco, ukuze kokubili ukukhula kwezitshalo nokuzalayo kwezitshalo kungathola imisoco enengqondo.
8. Nciphisa futhi ukwandise ukusebenza kahle, ubuyisele ukukhula ngokushesha
Ama-fungicides angacindezela kuphela izifo kodwa abe nomthelela omncane ekubuyiseleni ukukhula kwezitshalo. I-Brassinolide ingakwazi ukulinganisa ukuthuthwa kwezakhi, ikhuthaze ukumuncwa kwezimpande, futhi ikhuthaze i-photosynthesis. Ngakho-ke, lapho ama-fungicides ehlanganiswa nama-brassinoids, izinzuzo zawo ziyahambisana. I-Brassinolide (BR) isiza ekwelapheni izifo futhi inomphumela omuhle ekubuyiseni nasekukhuleni kwezitshalo.
9. Ukumelana nokubanda, ukumelana nesithwathwa, ukumelana nesomiso kanye nokumelana nezifo
Ngemuva kokuthi i-Brassinolide (BR) ingene esitshalweni, ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa i-photosynthesis futhi ikhuthaze ukukhula nokuthuthuka, kodwa futhi inomphumela okhethekile wokuvikela ohlelweni lwe-membrane yamangqamuzana esitshalo ukuze imelane nokulimala kwemvelo. Ingase futhi ikhuthaze umsebenzi wama-enzyme avikelayo esitshalweni, inciphise kakhulu izinto eziyingozi. Umonakalo ekukhuleni okuvamile kwezitshalo futhi uthuthukise ngokuphelele ukumelana nokucindezeleka kwezitshalo.
Ukuhlolwa kwenziwe ngerayisi, ukhukhamba, utamatisi, ugwayi, njll., futhi imiphumela ithi:
1) Izinga lokushisa eliphansi:
Ukufafaza i-Brassinolide (BR) kungakhuphula izinga lokumisa imbewu yezinhlobo zelayisi ngo-40.1% ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi. Umsebenzi wayo wokuphila wokuthuthukisa ukubekezelelana okubandayo kwerayisi ubonakaliswa ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukiseni umzimba we-physiological of rice kanye nokukhuthaza ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezitho zelayisi. Izitshalo ezilashwa nge-Brassinolide (BR) zithuthukise kakhulu izinkomba zezemvelo zokumelana nokubanda ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlola zika-1 kuya ku-5°C.
2) Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu:
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Brassinolide (BR) kungakhuphula kakhulu i-chlorophyll yeqabunga nokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni, i-superoxide dismutase (SOD) kanye nemisebenzi ye-peroxidase (POD) yezinhlobo zerayisi ezizwela ukushisa.
3) Usawoti-alkali:
Imbewu ephathwe nge-Brassinolide (BR) isengagcina izinga lokuhluma eliphezulu endaweni eyi-150 mmol NaCl. Ngemva kokuba izitshalo zebhali elashwe nge-Brassinolide (BR) zicwiliswe ku-500 mmol NaCl amahora angu-24, ukuhlolwa kwe-ultramicroscopic kwabonisa ukuthi isakhiwo samaqabunga ebhali sasivikelekile.
4) Isomiso:
Izitshalo ezifana ne-sugar beet ephathwa nge-Brassinolide (BR) zikhula kangcono kuneqembu elilawulayo endaweni yesomiso.
5) Ukumelana nezifo:
I-Brassinolide (BR) futhi inganciphisa umonakalo obangelwa izifo zezitshalo ezithile, njenge-rice sheath blight, isikhunta esimpunga sekhukhamba kanye ne-tomato blight late. Mayelana nogwayi, awugcini nje ngokukhuthaza ukukhula kukagwayi, kodwa futhi unomphumela wokulawula we-70% wesifo se-mosaic kagwayi. Kuyi-ejenti efanelekile yokuvimbela nokwelapha isifo se-mosaic kagwayi. Ukumelana nezifo kwezitshalo kulawulwa izakhi zofuzo zesitshalo ngokwaso. Kodwa-ke, i-Brassinolide (BR) ester ingakwazi ukulawula ngokuphelele izinqubo ze-physiological kanye ne-biochemical yesitshalo, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise isifo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengehomoni yesitshalo, i-Brassinolide (BR) ingase ibangele ukumelana okuthile. Ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo kuthuthukisa ukumelana nezifo kwezitshalo.
10. Khuthaza ukukhula kwezithombo
Uma isetshenziswa njengokwelashwa kwembewu noma ifuthwe esigabeni sezithombo, i-Brassinolide (BR) idlala indima ekukhuthazeni ukwakheka kwezimpande.
11. Umphumela okhulisa isivuno
Idatha yokuhlola yesayensi ibonisa ukuthi ngemva kokusebenzisa ama-brassinolides, ukukhiqizwa kwerayisi kungakhuphuka ngo-5.3% ~ 12.6%, ukukhiqizwa kommbila kungakhuphuka ngo-6.3% ~ 20.2%, ukukhiqizwa kwekhabe nemifino kungakhula ngo-12.6% ~ 38.8%, ukukhiqizwa kwamakinati inyuke ngo-10.4%~32.6%, kanti umoba unganyuka ngo-9.5%~ 18.9% (ushukela ukhuphuka ngo-0.5%~1%).
12. Yehlisa ukulimala kwezidakamizwa
Ama-herbicides, ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezibulala isikhunta, noma izilinganiso zokugxilisa ezingafanele kungabangela kalula i-phytotoxicity. Ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi kwe-Brassinolide (BR) kanye nomanyolo we-foliar wekhwalithi ephezulu kungalawula ukuthuthwa kwezakhi, kwengeze umsoco, futhi kunciphise ukulimala kwezitshalo okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kabi komonakalo wemithi, kusheshise ukululama kwezitshalo nokukhula.
