Isingeniso kanye nemisebenzi ye-Plant auxin
I-Auxin iyi-indole-3-acetic acid, enefomula ye-molecular C10H9NO2. Yihomoni yokuqala eyatholwa ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo. Igama lesiNgisi livela egameni lesiGreki elithi auxein (ukukhula).
Umkhiqizo omsulwa we-indole-3-acetic acid iyikristalu emhlophe futhi ayincibiliki emanzini. Incibilika kalula kuzincibilikisi zemvelo njenge-ethanol ne-ether. I-oxidized kalula futhi iphenduka ibebomvu ebomvu ngaphansi kokukhanya, futhi umsebenzi wayo wokuphila nawo uyancipha. I-Indole-3-acetic acid ezitshalweni ingase ibe sesimweni esikhululekile noma esimweni esibophekile (esibophekile). Ezokugcina ngokuvamile ziyi-ester noma i-peptide complexes.
Okuqukethwe kwe-indole-3-acetic acid yamahhala ezitshalweni kuphansi kakhulu, cishe ama-microgram angu-1-100 ngekhilogremu yesisindo esisha. Iyahlukahluka kuye ngendawo kanye nohlobo lwethishu. Okuqukethwe ezicutshini ezikhula ngamandla noma izitho ezifana namaphoyinti akhulayo nempova kuphansi kakhulu.
Ama-Auxin amaningi ezitshalo nawo adlala indima ekuhlukaniseni amaseli nokuhlukanisa, ukuthuthukiswa kwezithelo, ukwakheka kwezimpande lapho uthatha ukusikwa nokuqothula. I-auxin ebaluleke kakhulu eyenzeka ngokwemvelo i-β-indole-3-acetic acid. Izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo ezenziwe ngokwenziwa ezinemiphumela efanayo zihlanganisa i-brassinolide, i-cytokinin, i-gibberellin, i-Naphthalene acetic acid(NAA), i-DA-6, njll.
Indima ye-Auxin ikabili: ingakhuthaza kokubili ukukhula futhi ivimbele ukukhula;
ingasheshisa futhi ivimbele ukuhluma; kungavimbela ukuwisa kwembali nezithelo nezimbali ezincanyana nezithelo. Lokhu kuhlobene nokuzwela kokugxila kwe-Auxin ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zesitshalo. Ngokuvamile, izimpande zezitshalo zizwela kakhulu kuneziqu kuneziqu. Ama-Dicotyledon azwela kakhulu kunama-monocots. Ngakho-ke, ama-auxin analogue afana ne-2-4D angasetshenziswa njengama-herbicides. Ibonakala ngobunjalo bayo obukabili, okungakhuthaza ukukhula, ukuvimbela ukukhula, ngisho nokubulala izitshalo.
Umthelela ovuselelayo we-Auxin ubonakaliswa ngokuqondile ezicini ezimbili: ukukhuthazwa nokuvinjelwa:
I-Auxin inomphumela wokuphromotha:
1. Ukwakheka kwezimbali zesifazane
2. I-Parthenocarpy, ukukhula kodonga lwesibeletho
3. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezibopho ze-vascular
4. Ukwandiswa kwamaqabunga, ukwakheka kwezimpande ezingemuva
5. Ukukhula kwembewu nezithelo, ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda
6. Ukubusa kwe-apical, njll.
I-Auxin inemiphumela evimbelayo:
1. Ukuhushulwa kwezimbali,
2. Ukuhushulwa kwezithelo, ukuhubuka kwamaqabunga amancane, ukukhula kwegatsha elisemaceleni,
3. Ukwakheka kwezimpande, njll.
Umphumela we-auxin ekukhuleni kwesitshalo uncike ekugxilweni kwe-auxin, uhlobo lwesitshalo, nesitshalo. ezihlobene nezitho (izimpande, iziqu, imiqumbe, njll.). Ngokuvamile, ukugxila okuphansi kungakhuthaza ukukhula, kuyilapho ukugxila okuphezulu kungavimbela ukukhula noma kubangele nokufa kwezitshalo. Izitshalo ze-Dicotyledonous zizwela kakhulu ku-Auxin kunezitshalo ze-monocotyledonous; izitho zemifino zizwela kakhulu kunezitho zokuzala; izimpande zizwela kakhulu kunama-buds, futhi ama-buds azwela kakhulu kuneziqu, njll.
Umkhiqizo omsulwa we-indole-3-acetic acid iyikristalu emhlophe futhi ayincibiliki emanzini. Incibilika kalula kuzincibilikisi zemvelo njenge-ethanol ne-ether. I-oxidized kalula futhi iphenduka ibebomvu ebomvu ngaphansi kokukhanya, futhi umsebenzi wayo wokuphila nawo uyancipha. I-Indole-3-acetic acid ezitshalweni ingase ibe sesimweni esikhululekile noma esimweni esibophekile (esibophekile). Ezokugcina ngokuvamile ziyi-ester noma i-peptide complexes.
Okuqukethwe kwe-indole-3-acetic acid yamahhala ezitshalweni kuphansi kakhulu, cishe ama-microgram angu-1-100 ngekhilogremu yesisindo esisha. Iyahlukahluka kuye ngendawo kanye nohlobo lwethishu. Okuqukethwe ezicutshini ezikhula ngamandla noma izitho ezifana namaphoyinti akhulayo nempova kuphansi kakhulu.
Ama-Auxin amaningi ezitshalo nawo adlala indima ekuhlukaniseni amaseli nokuhlukanisa, ukuthuthukiswa kwezithelo, ukwakheka kwezimpande lapho uthatha ukusikwa nokuqothula. I-auxin ebaluleke kakhulu eyenzeka ngokwemvelo i-β-indole-3-acetic acid. Izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo ezenziwe ngokwenziwa ezinemiphumela efanayo zihlanganisa i-brassinolide, i-cytokinin, i-gibberellin, i-Naphthalene acetic acid(NAA), i-DA-6, njll.
Indima ye-Auxin ikabili: ingakhuthaza kokubili ukukhula futhi ivimbele ukukhula;
ingasheshisa futhi ivimbele ukuhluma; kungavimbela ukuwisa kwembali nezithelo nezimbali ezincanyana nezithelo. Lokhu kuhlobene nokuzwela kokugxila kwe-Auxin ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zesitshalo. Ngokuvamile, izimpande zezitshalo zizwela kakhulu kuneziqu kuneziqu. Ama-Dicotyledon azwela kakhulu kunama-monocots. Ngakho-ke, ama-auxin analogue afana ne-2-4D angasetshenziswa njengama-herbicides. Ibonakala ngobunjalo bayo obukabili, okungakhuthaza ukukhula, ukuvimbela ukukhula, ngisho nokubulala izitshalo.
Umthelela ovuselelayo we-Auxin ubonakaliswa ngokuqondile ezicini ezimbili: ukukhuthazwa nokuvinjelwa:
I-Auxin inomphumela wokuphromotha:
1. Ukwakheka kwezimbali zesifazane
2. I-Parthenocarpy, ukukhula kodonga lwesibeletho
3. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezibopho ze-vascular
4. Ukwandiswa kwamaqabunga, ukwakheka kwezimpande ezingemuva
5. Ukukhula kwembewu nezithelo, ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda
6. Ukubusa kwe-apical, njll.
I-Auxin inemiphumela evimbelayo:
1. Ukuhushulwa kwezimbali,
2. Ukuhushulwa kwezithelo, ukuhubuka kwamaqabunga amancane, ukukhula kwegatsha elisemaceleni,
3. Ukwakheka kwezimpande, njll.
Umphumela we-auxin ekukhuleni kwesitshalo uncike ekugxilweni kwe-auxin, uhlobo lwesitshalo, nesitshalo. ezihlobene nezitho (izimpande, iziqu, imiqumbe, njll.). Ngokuvamile, ukugxila okuphansi kungakhuthaza ukukhula, kuyilapho ukugxila okuphezulu kungavimbela ukukhula noma kubangele nokufa kwezitshalo. Izitshalo ze-Dicotyledonous zizwela kakhulu ku-Auxin kunezitshalo ze-monocotyledonous; izitho zemifino zizwela kakhulu kunezitho zokuzala; izimpande zizwela kakhulu kunama-buds, futhi ama-buds azwela kakhulu kuneziqu, njll.
