Sibutsetelo Sokulawulwa Kokukhula Kwezitshalo ekutshalweni kwezitshalo ze-horticultural

Izinhlobo zama-hormone ezitshalo
Njengamanje, ama-hormone wesitshalo amukelwayo awela ezigabeni ezinhlanu eziphambili: ama-auxins, iGibberlins, e-Ethylene, Cytokinins, ne-Absisic Acid. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Brassinolide, ama-polyamine, i-salicylic acid, kanye ne-jasmonic acid futhi ibonisa izakhiwo ze-hormone, okuholela ekuhlukaniseleni izigaba eziyisishiyagalolunye.

Ekutshalweni kwezilimo ze-horticultural, kusetshenziswa izinhlobonhlobo zama-bakeli okukhula kwezitshalo, kudlula izinhlobo ezingama-40. Isibonelo, abagqugquzeli bokukhula kwezitshalo kufaka phakathi i-gibberellic acid (GA3), i-naphthyl acetic acid (NEA), i-Ibaa acetic acid (IBA), i-IBA), ne-IBA), kanye ne-2,4-D; Ukukhula kokukhula kwesitshalo kufaka phakathi i-abstrisic acid, i-cyanidin, ne-triodobenzoic acid; Futhi izitshalo zokukhula kwezitshalo zifaka i-paclobutrazol (PACLO), i-chloreckoquat chloride, ne-uniconazole.

Imisebenzi ye-Plant Greet Regulators
Izitshalo zokukhula zisebenza ngokusebenzisa i-gene expression, eshintsha izakhiwo zodonga lweseli futhi zizenze zikhulu, ngaleyo ndlela zithole ukukhula kwamaseli. Bangaphinde bakhale umsebenzi we-enzyme, ngaleyo ndlela bakhuthaze noma bavimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-nucleic acid kanye namaprotheni. Lawa ma-Relulator angaguqula nezindlela ezithile ze-metabolic, ezikhuthaza noma ezivimbela ukuhlukaniswa kweseli kanye nokubumbana, futhi zikhanyise ukuvezwa kwezinhlobo zokumelana nezifo.

Obalalayo bokukhula kwezitshalo bagqugquzela ukuvela kwamaselula, ukwahlukanisa, kanye nokwehluka, ngaleyo ndlela kusheshise ukukhula kwesiqu. Baphinde bakhuthaze ukwakheka kwezimpande ezizimpandeni futhi bathuthukise ukwakheka kwezimbali, futhi ekugcineni bahole emasosheni amakhulu ezithelo. Lawa ma-Relulator abuye akhuthaze ukwehluka kwe-callus futhi afake isandla ekwakhekeni kokubusa okungowokuzwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbela ukukhula kwama-lateral buds. Bangaphule i-dormancy futhi bakhuthaze ukuhluma. Bangavimbela futhi ukukhula okulandelayo kwe-lateral esikhundleni sokukhula okuthe mpo futhi basebenzise i-parthenocarpy.

Lawa ma-relulator avimbela ukuqothuka ngenkathi ekhulisa umsebenzi wama-enzyme aphefumula kanye nama-enzyme asonakalise. Baphinde bakhuthaze ukuvuthwa kwezithelo, amaqabunga nezithelo zehla, kanye nesitshalo sesendence. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baphula i-doormincy, bakhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-bud kanye ne-rooting. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo bangakukhuthaza futhi ukuhlehlisa izitshalo, ngaleyo ndlela kuvikeleke uBhulu.

IPlanethi Yokukhula Komukeli
Ngenkathi sihlola indlela abalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo bathinta ngayo ukukhula kwezitshalo, kubalulekile futhi ukuqonda ukuthi kwakhiwa kanjani laba balawuli. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zabalawuli kumele zenziwe kusetshenziswa izixazululo ezifanele, zilandela izilinganiso eziqinile nezindlela zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha.

Ngoba abalawuli abakhulayo bezitshalo abahlukene banezici ezihlukile ze-solubity, kubalulekile ukukhetha i-solvent efanelekile yokuchithwa. Iningi labalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo bangena ngaphakathi emanzini futhi bancibilika kakhulu ku-organic solvents. Ukuqonda ukwakheka okuhlukahlukene kwabalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo kanye nezinhlelo zabo ezivame ukusetshenziswa zibalulekile ngenkathi kukhiwa.

Izibonelo zohlelo lokusebenza lwe-horticultural
Ukulawulwa Kwembewu
Izitshalo zokukhula zilawulwa njenge-gibberellic acid (GA3) zingaphula ngempumelelo imbewu yembewu ye-citrus, peach, amagilebhisi, i-orange emnandi, i-hazelnut, ne-papaya, ukukhuthaza ukuhluma.

Amasu wokuphakamisa ama-Roonsing
Okokusika kwamagilebhisi, ukufaka isisekelo sokusika ku-50mg l iBA amahora angama-8 noma 50ml I-α-naa ingakhuthaza futhi ukuthuthukisa izimpande ku-utamatisi, isitshalo seqanda, upelepele kanye nokusikwa kwamakhukhamba.

Ukusethwa kwezithelo nokuvimbela imbali kanye nethonsi lezithelo
Ukufafaza i-apula, eliphakathi nendawo, kanye nokusikeka kwe-hawthorn ngesikhathi esiphakeme sezimbali lapho kufinyelela i-25-50mg l GA3 engakhulisa ngempumelelo isethi yezithelo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-utamatisi, ama-eggplant, upelepele kanye namakhabe, afafaze ama-20 mg l ama-anti-d noma ama-20

Ubuchwepheshe be-pistillate flower wokungenisa ubuchwepheshe
Ukufafaza okuhlukahlukene kokugxila okuhlukahlukene kwabalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo ezindaweni ezihlukile zokukhula kwamakhukhamba kungakha ngempumelelo noma ukukhuthaza ukwakheka kwezimbali ze-pistillate. Ngokukhethekile, lapho amakhukhamba izithombo enamaqabunga ayi-1-3 ayiqiniso, afafaze i-100-200 mg l ye-ethaphon.

Ukwakheka kwezithelo okungenanjongo
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwe-hawthorn, ukufafaza i-50 mg l ye-GA3 ngempumelelo i-parthenocarpy, okusho ukuthi izithelo zokwakheka kwenzeka ngqo ngaphandle komanyolo. Ngokufanayo, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza izimbali, amagilebhisi amagilebhisi kuma-200 mg l we-GA3 ahlanganiswe nenani elincane lesisombululo se-streptomycin, alandelwe ukucwilisa izimbali futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, angafaka futhi ukwakheka kwezithelo ezingenazitshalo.

Ukukhula kwezithelo nokuthuthuka kwesivuno
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-Plant Green Regulators kungakhulisa kakhulu isisindo sezithelo. Ngesikhathi esiphakeme sezimbali zama-apula, ukufafaza i-20 mg l ye-BA kungakhulisa isisindo sezithelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapheya kanye namapetshisi, ukufafaza 50 mg l we-auxin lapho izithelo ezincane ziqala ukuvuvukala zingavusa ukukhula kwezithelo. Okwezaqathe kanye nama-radishes, ama-bakeli azolahla ukukhula ngesikhathi sezimpande ezandiswayo zesiteji sesithombo angakhuthaza ukukhula nokukhulisa usayizi wezimpande.

Ukusheshisa Izithelo Ukuvuthwa:Ukufafaza abalawuli abanjengo-Efephoni bangakunxenxa ukuvuthwa kwezithelo ngaphambi kokuba izithelo zivuthwe. Ukufafaza ama-apula ezikhathini ezingama-800-1000 eziqoshwa ze-ethophoni ezintathu kuya kwamane ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kungasheshisa ukuvuthwa.

Amasu we-Flower kanye nezitheloNgemuva kwesikhathi esiphakeme sezimbali zama-apula, ukusebenzisa ama-baltators anjengeNaa kungafinyelela izimbali nokuncipha kwezithelo ngokufafaza amanani afanele kaNaa, Carbaryl, no-6-BA.

Ukulawula isiqu nokukhula kwamaqabunga:NgoMeyi, ufafaza ama-2000 mg l we-paclobutrazol (PACLO) angalawula ngempumelelo ukukhula kokudubula okusha eKiwifruit. Okwezihlahla zePeach Peach, ukufafaza i-1000 mg l ye-paclobutrazol (PACLO) lapho amahlumela amasha efinyelela ku-10- 30 cm ubude angavimba ukukhula kokudubula ngokweqile.

Ukulawula nokuqhakaza izimbali
Ukufafaza abalawuli ku-celery kanye ne-lettuce lapho benamaqabunga ayi-3-4 abakwazi ukukhuthaza ukugcwala nokuqhakaza. Kwiklabishi yaseShayina, ukufafaza ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-MH kumaqabunga eqiniso angama-37 kunconyelwa ukuvimbela umehluko wezimbali.

Izindlela zokugcina amakhemikhali
Amakhukhamba we-Detassel ngokufafaza u-Efephoni ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezithelo okuphelele. Ukufafaza nge-150-200 mg l ka-Etphon kungaqalwa ngemuva kokuthi iqabunga lokuqala leqiniso le-ikhukhamba lenzeke.

Amasu wokulondolozwa kokubhuka
Ama-relulators anjengeSalicylic acid angenisa impilo eshalofini yezimbali ezisikiwe nezithelo.

Izindlela zokuqapha ukusetshenziswa
Lapho ufaka izitshalo zokukhula kwezitshalo, unaka ukuhambisana kwezitshalo, ukugxila, kanye nesikhathi, bese ubona imiphumela yezemvelo neyabantu. Qinisekisa ukuthi uMlawuli Wokukhula Kwesitshalo uyahambisana nesitshalo esiqondiwe ukugwema ukusabela okunzima. Landela indlela efanele yesicelo kanye nokugxila ukuze uqinisekise ukusetshenziswa okuphephile nokusebenzayo. Futhi, naka izimo zesikhathi kanye nezimo zezemvelo ukukhulisa ukusebenza ngempumelelo koMlawuli Wokukhula Kwesitshalo.