Izinkinga nokuhlaziywa kwecala lokulimaza kwezidakamizwa ekusetshenzisweni kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo
Umthelela wezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo uthintwa yizici eziningi, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo zezitshalo, izigaba zokukhula, amasayithi okusebenza, izinhlobo zokulawula, ukugxilisa ingqondo, izindlela zokufaka isicelo, kanye nezindawo zangaphandle.
Enqubweni yokusebenzisa izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo, inkinga yokulimala kwezibulala-zinambuzane ivelele kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sizohlaziya izimbangela zokulimala kwesilawuli sokukhula kwezitshalo ngamakesi amahlanu wangempela wokulimala kwezibulala-zinambuzane.
1. Isikhathi sokusebenzisa esingafanele siyimbangela ebalulekile yokulimala kwezibulala-zinambuzane.
Kunemithethonqubo eqinile mayelana nesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo. Uma isikhathi sokufaka isicelo singakhethiwe kahle, sizodala umonakalo wezibulala-zinambuzane, okuzoholela ekunciphiseni kwesivuno noma ngisho nokulahlekelwa okusanhlamvu. Sithatha isicelo se-Forchlorfenuron kukhabe njengesibonelo, ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi 2011, amakhabe abantu basesigodini saseYanling Town, eDolobheni laseDanyang, eSifundazweni saseJiangsu, aqhuma ngenxa yokusetshenziswa “kwehomoni yokwandisa ikhabe”. Eqinisweni, ukuqhuma kwamakhabe akubangelwa ngokuqondile i-hormone yokwandisa ikhabe, kodwa kubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngesikhathi esingafanele. I-Forchlorfenuron, isikhathi esifanele sokusebenzisa usuku lokuqhakaza kwekhabe noma usuku olulodwa ngaphambi nangemuva, futhi ukugxila kwe-10-20μg/g kusetshenziswa kumbungu we-melon. Kodwa-ke, uma ikhabe lisetshenziswa ngemva kokuba ububanzi budlula u-15cm, lizobangela i-phytotoxicity, ebonakala njengekhabe elingenalutho, inyama evulekile, ubumnandi obuncishisiwe kanye nokunambitheka okubi. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase kubangele ngisho nekhabe ukuthi liqhume. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokuthi i-Forchlorfenuron ayihambisani, uma ikhabe lingahlanganiswa ngokulinganayo, lingase futhi likhiqize amakhabe akhubazekile.
2. umthamo ongalungile ubuye ube yimbangela evamile ye-phytotoxicity.
Isilawuli sokukhula kwesitshalo ngasinye sinebanga laso elithile lemithamo.
Umthamo ophansi kakhulu awukwazi ukufeza umphumela olindelekile, kuyilapho umthamo omkhulu kakhulu ungabangela i-phytotoxicity. Sithatha ukusetshenziswa kwe-Ethephon ekufakweni kombala wamagilebhisi njengesibonelo, ngo-2010, abalimi bezithelo e-Mianyang, eSichuan bathola ukuthi amagilebhisi ababewatshale awile ngaphambi kokuba avuthwe ngokugcwele, okungenzeka kungenxa yokusebenzisa kabi i-Ethephon.
Ukuhlaziya: I-Ethephon yenza kahle ekukhuthazeni umbala wamagilebhisi, kodwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagilebhisi zidinga ukunaka ukulungisa ukugxila lapho uyisebenzisa. Ngakho-ke, ukugxila kufanele kulawulwe ngokuqinile, futhi isu lokufafaza, ukuvuna nokudayisa ngezigaba kufanele lamukelwe ukugwema ukulahlekelwa okungadingekile. Umlimi wehlulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamagilebhisi ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene kanye nemijikelezo yokukhula futhi wawafutha wonke nge-500μg/g ye-Ethephon, okwagcina kubangele inani elikhulu lamagilebhisi ukuwa.
3.Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezehlukene zinokuzwela okuhlukile kusilawuli sokukhula kwesitshalo esisodwa
Njengoba izinhlobo zezitshalo ezihlukahlukene zinokuzwela okuhlukile kusilawuli sokukhula kwesitshalo esisodwa, ukuqapha kufanele kusetshenziswe lapho usetshenziswa. Ukuhlolwa kwezinga elincane kufanele kwenziwe kuqala ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kuphephile futhi kuyasebenza ngaphambi kokuba kukhuthazwe futhi kusetshenziswe. Isibonelo, i-α-Naphthyl Acetic Acid iyi-agent esetshenziswa kabanzi egcina izimbali, igcina izithelo kanye nokuvuvukala kwezithelo, evame ukuba nemiphumela ephawulekayo ukotini, izihlahla zezithelo namakhabe. Kodwa-ke, izitshalo ezahlukene zinozwela oluhlukile kukho. Isibonelo, ikhabe lizwela kakhulu ku-α-Naphthyl Acetic Acid, futhi ukugxila okusetshenzisiwe kufanele kulawulwe ngokuqinile, ngaphandle kwalokho kungabangela ukulimala kwezibulala-zinambuzane. Umlimi wekhabe akazange acabangele ubunjalo bekhabe futhi walifutha ngokuya ngokugxila okuvamile emiyalweni, okuholele ekuphetshweni kwamaqabunga ekhabe.
4.Ukusetshenziswa ngendlela engafanele kuholela ekulimaleni kwezibulala-zinambuzane
Noma ngabe isilawuli sokukhula kwesitshalo esifanayo sisetshenziswa esitshalweni esifanayo, singadala umonakalo wezibulala-zinambuzane uma singasetshenziswa ngendlela efanele. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Gibberellic Acid (GA3) kumagilebhisi kudinga isikhathi esinembile kanye nokugxila. Uma kusetshenziswe ngendlela engafanele, njengokufafaza esikhundleni sokucwilisa amaqoqo ezithelo, kuzoholela ekukhuleni okungafani kwezithelo, kuphazamise kakhulu isivuno kanye nekhwalithi.
5.Ukuhlanganiswa okungahleliwe kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa okungahleliwe kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo nakho kungase kubangele izinkinga. Kungase kube nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezilawuli ezihlukene zokukhula kwezitshalo, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle okungazinzile noma ukusabela okubi. Ngakho-ke, ukuqondisa kochwepheshe kufanele kulandelwe lapho uzisebenzisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo.
Ubuchwepheshe obuhlanganisiwe bezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo ngokuvamile bungakwazi ukuzuza imiphumela ye-synergistic ngemva kokuhlolwa kwefomula ngokucophelela nokuqinisekiswa kokuhlolwa kwenkambu.
6.Ezinye izimo zokusetshenziswa okungajwayelekile kwezidakamizwa
Uma usebenzisa izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo, indlela efanele, isikhathi kanye nokugxilisa ingqondo kufanele kulandelwe ngokuqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zidlala indima yazo efanele futhi zigweme ukulimala kwezidakamizwa. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-paclobutrazol ezihlahleni zama-apula kungase kubangele imiphumela emibi uma isetshenziswe ngendlela engafanele. Lapho izihlahla zama-apula sezikhule zaba izitshalo ezikhiqizayo, ukusebenzisa amagremu angu-2 kuya kwangu-3 e-Paclobutrazol ezimpandeni zesihlahla ngasinye cishe ngamamitha angu-5 ekwindla isonto elilodwa kungalawula ngokuphumelelayo ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha ngonyaka wesibili, futhi kusasebenza kahle. ngonyaka wesithathu. Kodwa-ke, uma i-Paclobutrazol ifafazwa nge-concentration ye-300 micrograms/gram lapho amahlumela amasha ezihlahla zama-apula ekhula aze afike ku-5 kuya ku-10 cm, nakuba ingavimbela ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha, uma umthamo ungalungile, ungase uphazamise ukukhula. ukukhula okuvamile kwezihlahla zama-apula, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwesivuno kanye nokuncipha kwekhwalithi yezithelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zemvelo nazo ziyizici ezibalulekile ezithinta ukusebenza kahle kwabalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo.
Isibonelo, umphumela we-1-Naphthyl Acetic Acid ekugcinweni kwezithelo zikatamatisi uthintwa izinga lokushisa. Uma izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kuka-20℃ noma ngaphezu kuka-35℃, umphumela wokulondoloza izithelo awumuhle; kuyilapho ebangeni lokushisa elingu-25-30℃, umphumela wokulondoloza izithelo ulungile kakhulu. Ngokufanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Forchlorfenuron kukhukhamba nakho kudinga ukunaka isikhathi. Kufanele isetshenziswe ngosuku lapho ikhukhamba iqhakaza. Uma isikhathi siphuthelwe noma umthamo ungafanelekile, ikhukhamba ingase iqhubeke ikhula esiqandisini, kodwa ukunambitheka kanye nekhwalithi kuzoncishiswa kakhulu.
Enqubweni yokusebenzisa izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo, inkinga yokulimala kwezibulala-zinambuzane ivelele kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sizohlaziya izimbangela zokulimala kwesilawuli sokukhula kwezitshalo ngamakesi amahlanu wangempela wokulimala kwezibulala-zinambuzane.
1. Isikhathi sokusebenzisa esingafanele siyimbangela ebalulekile yokulimala kwezibulala-zinambuzane.
Kunemithethonqubo eqinile mayelana nesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo. Uma isikhathi sokufaka isicelo singakhethiwe kahle, sizodala umonakalo wezibulala-zinambuzane, okuzoholela ekunciphiseni kwesivuno noma ngisho nokulahlekelwa okusanhlamvu. Sithatha isicelo se-Forchlorfenuron kukhabe njengesibonelo, ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi 2011, amakhabe abantu basesigodini saseYanling Town, eDolobheni laseDanyang, eSifundazweni saseJiangsu, aqhuma ngenxa yokusetshenziswa “kwehomoni yokwandisa ikhabe”. Eqinisweni, ukuqhuma kwamakhabe akubangelwa ngokuqondile i-hormone yokwandisa ikhabe, kodwa kubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngesikhathi esingafanele. I-Forchlorfenuron, isikhathi esifanele sokusebenzisa usuku lokuqhakaza kwekhabe noma usuku olulodwa ngaphambi nangemuva, futhi ukugxila kwe-10-20μg/g kusetshenziswa kumbungu we-melon. Kodwa-ke, uma ikhabe lisetshenziswa ngemva kokuba ububanzi budlula u-15cm, lizobangela i-phytotoxicity, ebonakala njengekhabe elingenalutho, inyama evulekile, ubumnandi obuncishisiwe kanye nokunambitheka okubi. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase kubangele ngisho nekhabe ukuthi liqhume. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokuthi i-Forchlorfenuron ayihambisani, uma ikhabe lingahlanganiswa ngokulinganayo, lingase futhi likhiqize amakhabe akhubazekile.
2. umthamo ongalungile ubuye ube yimbangela evamile ye-phytotoxicity.
Isilawuli sokukhula kwesitshalo ngasinye sinebanga laso elithile lemithamo.
Umthamo ophansi kakhulu awukwazi ukufeza umphumela olindelekile, kuyilapho umthamo omkhulu kakhulu ungabangela i-phytotoxicity. Sithatha ukusetshenziswa kwe-Ethephon ekufakweni kombala wamagilebhisi njengesibonelo, ngo-2010, abalimi bezithelo e-Mianyang, eSichuan bathola ukuthi amagilebhisi ababewatshale awile ngaphambi kokuba avuthwe ngokugcwele, okungenzeka kungenxa yokusebenzisa kabi i-Ethephon.
Ukuhlaziya: I-Ethephon yenza kahle ekukhuthazeni umbala wamagilebhisi, kodwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagilebhisi zidinga ukunaka ukulungisa ukugxila lapho uyisebenzisa. Ngakho-ke, ukugxila kufanele kulawulwe ngokuqinile, futhi isu lokufafaza, ukuvuna nokudayisa ngezigaba kufanele lamukelwe ukugwema ukulahlekelwa okungadingekile. Umlimi wehlulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamagilebhisi ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene kanye nemijikelezo yokukhula futhi wawafutha wonke nge-500μg/g ye-Ethephon, okwagcina kubangele inani elikhulu lamagilebhisi ukuwa.
3.Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezehlukene zinokuzwela okuhlukile kusilawuli sokukhula kwesitshalo esisodwa
Njengoba izinhlobo zezitshalo ezihlukahlukene zinokuzwela okuhlukile kusilawuli sokukhula kwesitshalo esisodwa, ukuqapha kufanele kusetshenziswe lapho usetshenziswa. Ukuhlolwa kwezinga elincane kufanele kwenziwe kuqala ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kuphephile futhi kuyasebenza ngaphambi kokuba kukhuthazwe futhi kusetshenziswe. Isibonelo, i-α-Naphthyl Acetic Acid iyi-agent esetshenziswa kabanzi egcina izimbali, igcina izithelo kanye nokuvuvukala kwezithelo, evame ukuba nemiphumela ephawulekayo ukotini, izihlahla zezithelo namakhabe. Kodwa-ke, izitshalo ezahlukene zinozwela oluhlukile kukho. Isibonelo, ikhabe lizwela kakhulu ku-α-Naphthyl Acetic Acid, futhi ukugxila okusetshenzisiwe kufanele kulawulwe ngokuqinile, ngaphandle kwalokho kungabangela ukulimala kwezibulala-zinambuzane. Umlimi wekhabe akazange acabangele ubunjalo bekhabe futhi walifutha ngokuya ngokugxila okuvamile emiyalweni, okuholele ekuphetshweni kwamaqabunga ekhabe.
4.Ukusetshenziswa ngendlela engafanele kuholela ekulimaleni kwezibulala-zinambuzane
Noma ngabe isilawuli sokukhula kwesitshalo esifanayo sisetshenziswa esitshalweni esifanayo, singadala umonakalo wezibulala-zinambuzane uma singasetshenziswa ngendlela efanele. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Gibberellic Acid (GA3) kumagilebhisi kudinga isikhathi esinembile kanye nokugxila. Uma kusetshenziswe ngendlela engafanele, njengokufafaza esikhundleni sokucwilisa amaqoqo ezithelo, kuzoholela ekukhuleni okungafani kwezithelo, kuphazamise kakhulu isivuno kanye nekhwalithi.
5.Ukuhlanganiswa okungahleliwe kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa okungahleliwe kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo nakho kungase kubangele izinkinga. Kungase kube nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezilawuli ezihlukene zokukhula kwezitshalo, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle okungazinzile noma ukusabela okubi. Ngakho-ke, ukuqondisa kochwepheshe kufanele kulandelwe lapho uzisebenzisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo.
Ubuchwepheshe obuhlanganisiwe bezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo ngokuvamile bungakwazi ukuzuza imiphumela ye-synergistic ngemva kokuhlolwa kwefomula ngokucophelela nokuqinisekiswa kokuhlolwa kwenkambu.
6.Ezinye izimo zokusetshenziswa okungajwayelekile kwezidakamizwa
Uma usebenzisa izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo, indlela efanele, isikhathi kanye nokugxilisa ingqondo kufanele kulandelwe ngokuqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zidlala indima yazo efanele futhi zigweme ukulimala kwezidakamizwa. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-paclobutrazol ezihlahleni zama-apula kungase kubangele imiphumela emibi uma isetshenziswe ngendlela engafanele. Lapho izihlahla zama-apula sezikhule zaba izitshalo ezikhiqizayo, ukusebenzisa amagremu angu-2 kuya kwangu-3 e-Paclobutrazol ezimpandeni zesihlahla ngasinye cishe ngamamitha angu-5 ekwindla isonto elilodwa kungalawula ngokuphumelelayo ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha ngonyaka wesibili, futhi kusasebenza kahle. ngonyaka wesithathu. Kodwa-ke, uma i-Paclobutrazol ifafazwa nge-concentration ye-300 micrograms/gram lapho amahlumela amasha ezihlahla zama-apula ekhula aze afike ku-5 kuya ku-10 cm, nakuba ingavimbela ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha, uma umthamo ungalungile, ungase uphazamise ukukhula. ukukhula okuvamile kwezihlahla zama-apula, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwesivuno kanye nokuncipha kwekhwalithi yezithelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zemvelo nazo ziyizici ezibalulekile ezithinta ukusebenza kahle kwabalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo.
Isibonelo, umphumela we-1-Naphthyl Acetic Acid ekugcinweni kwezithelo zikatamatisi uthintwa izinga lokushisa. Uma izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kuka-20℃ noma ngaphezu kuka-35℃, umphumela wokulondoloza izithelo awumuhle; kuyilapho ebangeni lokushisa elingu-25-30℃, umphumela wokulondoloza izithelo ulungile kakhulu. Ngokufanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Forchlorfenuron kukhukhamba nakho kudinga ukunaka isikhathi. Kufanele isetshenziswe ngosuku lapho ikhukhamba iqhakaza. Uma isikhathi siphuthelwe noma umthamo ungafanelekile, ikhukhamba ingase iqhubeke ikhula esiqandisini, kodwa ukunambitheka kanye nekhwalithi kuzoncishiswa kakhulu.
