Ukusetshenziswa Okuphusile Kweziqondiso Zokukhula Kwezitshalo Ukuze Kuthuthukiswe Ukuvunwa Kwezihlahla Zesithelo kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwekhwalithi

Ukukhula Kwesihlahla Sesithelo kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwekhwalithi

1. Ukulawulwa kokuhluma kwamahlumela
Ekukhiqizweni kwezihlahla zezithelo, i-Gibberellic Acid (GA3) isetshenziswa kakhulu ukunqamula ukuhlala kwembewu noma imiqumbe ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezihlahla, ngaleyo ndlela kugqugquzelwe ukuhluma okusheshayo kanye nokunciphisa isikhathi sokwelashwa kwembewu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhluma nokwandisa izinga lokuhluma. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izilawuli zokukhula ezifana ne-methyl naphthaleneacetate zingandisa isikhathi sokungalali kwama-buds, ngaleyo ndlela zivimbele noma zibambezele ukuhluma kwehlumela. Lesi sici sibaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kwembewu yesihlahla sezithelo noma ama-scions.

2. Ukukhuthaza Izimpande
Ekukhiqizeni izihlahla zezithelo, ukugxila okufanele kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo ezisekelwe ku-auxin, njenge-Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), i-Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA), ne-Naphthyl Acetic Acid (NAA), zisetshenziswa kakhulu ukwelapha ama-scions noma izithombo. Lezi zilawuli zingakhuthaza ngempumelelo ukugxila ezihlahleni zezithelo futhi zandise ngokuphawulekayo inani lezimpande. Nakuba i-Indole Acetic Acid iphumelela kakhulu ekukhuthazeni ukukhula kwezimpande, i-Naphthyl Acetic Acid isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni kwangempela ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphezulu.


3. Ukulawulwa Kokukhula Kwemifino
Ekulawulweni kwezihlahla zezithelo, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezivimbela ukukhula njenge-Paclobutrazol (Paclo) ne-Chlormequat Chloride (CCC) zingabambezela noma zivimbele ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha, okuholela ekulimazeni ngokomzimba kwesitshalo ngaphandle kokulimaza i-apical meristem noma ukuphazamisa ukukhula kwaso. Lezi zilawuli zisiza ukulawula ukukhula kwezitshalo ngokweqile, ukufinyeza ama-internode, ukujiya kweziqu, ukwandisa umbala wamaqabunga nokuqina, ukwandisa inani lamagatsha asemaceleni, futhi kukhuthaze izinhlelo zezimpande ezithuthukisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezilawuli zokukhula ezisekelwe ku-cytokinin ezifana ne-6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA) kungakhuthaza ukuhluma kwama-lateral buds kanye nokwakheka kwamahlumela esibili, kuyilapho kuphinde kugqugquzele amagatsha ayekade elele ukuthi aphinde akhule.

4. Umehluko Wezimbali Nezimbali
Ukusetshenziswa kwezilawuli zokukhula ezifana ne-Paclobutrazol (i-Paclo) ne-Ethephon kungavimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukukhula kwezitshalo ngokweqile ezihlahleni zezithelo ezifana namapentshisi, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuthaze ukwakheka nokuhlukaniswa kwezimbali zezimbali, ukwandisa inani lezimbali zezimbali, ukufeza izithelo zangaphambili, nokuthuthukisa izinga lokumiswa kwezithelo. Ukusebenzisa i-gibberellic acid ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuhlukanisa izimbali kunganciphisa inani lezimbali noma kuvimbele ukuhlukana kwazo, kuzuze umphumela wokuncipha kwezimbali, ukonga ukusebenza, futhi kusize ukulinganisa isivuno sezihlahla zezithelo.

5. Isithelo Setha Rate Regulation
Izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo zingathuthukisa izinga lokumiswa kwezithelo zezihlahla zezithelo. Isibonelo, ukufutha izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo ezifana ne-Gibberellic Acid (GA) kanye ne-2,4-D ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kungakhuphula ngempumelelo izinga lokumiswa kwezithelo. Lezi zilawuli zingase futhi zisetshenziselwe ukunciphisa izithelo ukulinganisa isivuno.


6. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwekhwalithi Yezithelo
Izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwezithelo ukwenza ngcono izinga lezithelo. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa i-Gibberellic Acid (GA3) noma izinto ezifana ne-cytokinin phakathi nesigaba sesithelo esincane kungakhuthaza ngempumelelo ukukhuliswa kwezithelo noma ukunwetshwa. Le nqubo ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa izinga lezithelo kodwa futhi isiza ukwandisa izinzuzo zezomnotho.


7. Umthethonqubo Wokuvuthwa Kwezithelo
I-Ethephon ikhuthaza ukuvuthwa kwezithelo, kuyilapho i-Gibberellic Acid (GA3) iyibambezela. Isibonelo, ukufafaza ngokugxila okufanele kwe-Gibberellic Acid (GA3) noma i-salicylic acid kungakhuphula ukuqina kwezithelo, kuvimbele ukuhlanganiswa kwe-ethylene, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuhlehlise ukuvuthwa nokutholakala kwemakethe kwezithelo ezifana nama-apula.

8. I-Parthenocarpy Induction
Izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo ezifana ne-auxins kanye ne-Gibberellic Acid zingakhuthaza ukukhula kwe-ovary ezitshalweni. Ngokwelapha izihlahla zezithelo ezithile nge-IAA noma i-GA3, i-parthenocarpy ingayengwa, okuholela esithelweni esingenambewu. Le nqubo ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa izinga lezithelo kodwa futhi isiza ukwandisa izinzuzo zezomnotho.


9. Ukumelana Nengcindezi Okuthuthukisiwe
Izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo zinomthelela omkhulu ekwenzeni ngcono ukumelana nokucindezeleka kwezihlahla zezithelo. I-Ethephon ithuthukisa ngempumelelo ukumelana nesithwathwa sama-apula, kuyilapho i-jasmonic acid ne-methyl ester yayo ihlobene eduze nokumelana nezifo kanye nokumelana nesomiso kwezihlahla zezithelo.

10. Izicelo ZeSiko Lwezicubu
Izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo zidlala indima ebalulekile esikweni lezicubu zezihlahla zezithelo. Bathonya kakhulu i-morphogenesis kanye nokulawulwa kwamasiko ezicubu ze-in vitro. Ngokukhetha ngokunengqondo indawo eyisisekelo yesiko, ukulawula izimo zokukhanya, izinga lokushisa kwesiko kanye nomswakama, nokuhlanganisa izinhlobo zama-hormone ezifanele kanye nokugxila, ukuvuselelwa kwezihlahla zezithelo kungakhuthazwa ngokuphumelelayo.


11. Ubuchwepheshe Bokuvuna Ngomshini
Ezihlahleni zezithelo ezifana nama-jujube nama-plums, ukuvuna ngomshini kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu. Ukufafaza ngo-200-300 mg/L we-ethylene sulfide kukhuthaza ukwehla kwezithelo zemvelo, kunciphisa kakhulu umthwalo wokuvuna ngezandla.

12. Ukugcina kanye Nokugcina Ubuchwepheshe
Ukwelapha izithelo ngezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo, njenge-ethylene inhibitors noma i-thiophanate-methyl, kungandisa ngempumelelo impilo yeshalofu yezithelo, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukulahlekelwa nokwandisa inzuzo.

13. Ukulawula ukhula
Ezinye izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo zingaxutshwa nama-herbicides ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukulawulwa kokhula nokwandisa isivuno sezithelo, kuyilapho zihlala ziphephile futhi zingenabungozi ezihlahleni zezithelo. Uma i-2,4-D isetshenziswa ihlanganiswe nama-herbicides, ingaqeda ngempumelelo ukhula.