Kunconywe inconyiwe Imvelo Ama-Regulators Ukukhula Kwama-Emovili asiza ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwezolimo futhi afinyelele ukukhiqizwa okuluhlaza

Ama-Regulator Ezemvelo Ukukhula Kwezitshalo ahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili:

1. Isitshalo semvelo ama-hormone aphelele noma ama-analog abo;
2. Abalawuli bakhishwe ezintweni zemvelo noma batholwe ngokuvutshelwa kwe-microbial. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuyancipha kalula emvelweni futhi kube nobuthi obuphansi ezintweni ezingezona eziqondiwe (njengezinyosi nezinyoni).

Lokhu okulandelayo kukhona abalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo okuvame ukuqashelwa njengokungcolisa okuncane kanye nokuthakazelisa imvelo:

I. Izinhlobo ezinkulu zabalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo zemvelo

1. IGibbellins, GA
Umthombo: Kuqale kwatholakala kusuka ku-Gibberellin ukhunta, okubangela ukukhula kwelayisi ngokweqile, manje sekukhiqizwa ngokuyinhloko ngokuvutshelwa kwe-microbial.
Izici: Zingama-hormone wesitshalo semvelo akhuthaza ukugcwala kwamaselula, aphule i-dommate yembewu, futhi akhuthaze ukunwetshwa kwezithelo (njengamagilebhisi angenazinhlanzi) nokuqhuma kwezimbali kanye nokuqhakaza.
Izinzuzo zezemvelo: Ziyimikhiqizo yokuvutshelwa egcwele kalula emvelweni, inezinsalela eziphansi, futhi ziphansi kakhulu ngobumsulwa kwezilwane ezincelisayo.

2. I-Brassinolide (BR)
Umthombo: Kwakhishwe ekuqaleni kusuka kumpova we-rapeeed, i-BR isithathwe ngokuyinhloko nge-analog eyenziwe (efana ne-24-epibrassinolide).
Izici: Ekwaziwa ngokuthi i-hormone yesithupha yesithupha, ithuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana nokuxineka kwezitshalo (ukubanda, isomiso kanye nosawoti), kukhulisa ukukhula, futhi kwandise isivuno nekhwalithi.
Ubungane bezemvelo: I-BR isetshenziswa ekugxileni okuphansi kakhulu (0.01-0.1.PM). Kuyinto esebenza kahle kakhulu, enobuthi enobuthi edicilela phansi kalula emvelweni.

3. S-Abscisic Acid (S-ACA)
Umthombo: I-hormone yesitshalo esenzeka ngokwemvelo ekhiqizwa ngezinga elikhulu ngokuvutshelwa kwe-microbial.
Izici: Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukunxenxa ukubekezelela ingcindezi ezitshalweni, ukubasiza babekezelele izingcindezi ezifana nesomiso, ukubanda, nosawoti. Iphinde ikhuthaze imibala edonsayo kanye nezithelo.
Ubungane bezemvelo: Yinto ngokwemvelo ekhona ezitshalweni, inokuhambisana okuhle kwezemvelo, futhi kuyancipha ngokushesha.

4. Jasmonic acid methyl jasmonilate (ja meja)
Umthombo: I-hormone yesitshalo semvelo engavumelaniswa.
Izici: Ilawula izinqubo ezahlukahlukene zomzimba wezitshalo, isebenze ikakhulukazi uhlelo lokuvikela isitshalo ukuze limelane nezinambuzane nezifo. Iphinde ibambise ekukhuleni kwezimpande nokuvuthwa kwezithelo.
Ubungane bezemvelo: Njenge-molecule esayina, kudinga ukusetshenziswa okuncane futhi kungcoliswa kalula.

5. UDiethyl Aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6)
Umthombo: Inhlanganisela yokwenziwa ngobuthi obuphansi kakhulu.
Izici: Inomsebenzi ophezulu wokulawula kanye nokuqina, ingathuthukisa umsebenzi we-Plant Prepexidase kanye ne-nitrate reductase, ukukhuthaza isithombe-isithombe, futhi uthuthukise isivuno nekhwalithi. Ukuvikelwa Kwezemvelo: Kungumlawuli onobuthi obuphansi, ophansi ophansi futhi uphephile emvelweni emthanjeni onconyiwe.

6. Ukukhishwa kwasolwandle
Umthombo: Kukhishwe kusuka olwandle lwemvelo (njenge-Kelp enkulu).
Izici: Hhayi i-hormone eyodwa, kepha ingxube eyinkimbinkimbi equkethe ama-auxins wemvelo, ama-cytokinins, umkhondo izinto, nezinto eziphilayo. Ikhuthaza ngokugcwele ukukhula kwezitshalo futhi ikhulisa ukumelana kwengcindezi.
Izinzuzo zezemvelo: zitholwe emithonjeni yemvelo, i-biodegradable ngokuphelele, iphephile kakhulu futhi inobungane bemvelo, isetshenziswa kabanzi ekulimaleni okungokwemvelo.

7. I-Amino acid kanye nabalawuli be-Huntic acid
Umthombo: Kukhiqizwe ngokuvutshelwa noma ukucekelwa phansi kwezitshalo nezilwane.
Izici: Lezi zinto zinempilo futhi zingavusa ukukhula kwezitshalo, zithuthukise izimo zenhlabathi, futhi zikhuphule ukusetshenziswa komanyolo.
Izinzuzo zezemvelo: Njengezinto eziphilayo zemvelo, azinamthelela omubi emvelweni futhi zingathuthukisa ngisho nemvelo yenhlabathi.

II. Ukusetshenziswa Ukuqapha

Ukusetshenziswa Okuhlosiwe: Khetha umkhiqizo ofanele kakhulu ngokususelwa kuzitshalo nezinhloso ezihlosiwe (ukukhuthaza izimpande, ukulondolozwa kwezithelo, ukubekezelelana kwengcindezi, futhi ugweme ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile.
Ukuvikela izidalwa ezingahlosiwe: Gwema ukusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza ukuvikela ama-pollinators anjengezinyosi. Hlela isikhawu esifanele phakathi kwezicelo nokuvunwa.
Ukuphathwa Okuhlangene: Obalangi bokukhula kwezitshalo abayona iPanacea. Kufanele zihlanganiswe nokuphathwa kwenhlabathi okunempilo, umanyolo olinganiselayo, ukuchelela okufanele, kanye nokuphathwa kwezinambuzane okuhlanganisiwe (IPM) ukufeza imiphumela efanele.

IGibbellins, i-Brassinolides, i-askuc abscinolic acid, kanye nokukhishwa kwasolwandle kusetshenziswa kabanzi kanye nama-relulators okukhula kwemvelo.
Iningi lalawa ngokwemvelo lithathwe futhi lincipha ngokushesha emvelweni, libenze bakhethe izinketho ezinhle kakhulu zokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwezolimo futhi kuthuthukise ukukhiqizwa okuluhlaza.