Application of Chlormequat Chloride in Vegetable Production
Chlormequat Chloride, also known as "CCC," is commercially available in 50% aqueous solution. It is an antagonist of GA3. It can enter the plant through leaves, young branches, buds, roots, and seeds, inhibiting gibberellin biosynthesis, controlling excessive vegetative growth, promoting reproductive growth, shortening internodes, resulting in robust plants, developed root systems, improved lodging resistance, deeper leaf color, thicker leaves, increased chlorophyll content, enhanced photosynthesis, improved crop resistance, improved quality, and increased yield.
Application of Chlormequat Chloride in Vegetable Production:
I. Tomatoes:
Generally, from the 3-4 leaf stage to one week before transplanting, spray with a 50% Chlormequat Chloride solution diluted 2000-2500 times with water to a Chlormequat Chloride solution of 200-250 mg/kg. For small seedlings with slight etiolation, use a sprayer to evenly spray, ensuring the leaves and stems are completely and evenly covered with fine droplets without dripping. For larger seedlings with severe etiolation, use a spray bottle for spraying or watering, using 1 kg of diluted solution per square meter. Ensure even application to avoid localized over-application and potential phytotoxicity.
II. For chili peppers showing etiolation, spray with 20-25 mg/kg of Chlormequat Chloride at the initial flowering stage to inhibit stem and leaf growth, resulting in shorter, sturdier plants with darker green leaves and enhanced cold and drought resistance. Spraying with 100-125 mg/kg of Chlormequat Chloride solution during the flowering period can promote early maturity, stronger seedlings, and increased yield.
III. For eggplants, spraying with a 100-125 mg/kg Chlormequat Chloride solution during the flowering period can promote early maturity and increase yield.
IV. For summer lettuce, spraying with a 500 mg/kg Chlormequat Chloride aqueous solution 1-2 times during the seedling stage can effectively prevent excessive seedling growth. Spraying with a chlormequat chloride solution starting at the rosette stage can also prevent excessive growth and promote stem enlargement. The application method is once every 7-10 days, for a total of 2-3 times, at a concentration of 350 mg/kg. Preparation method: 10 mL/bottle of commercially available 50% aqueous solution, diluted with 10 kg of water, yields 500 mg/kg; diluted with 15 kg of water, yields 350 mg/kg.
V. For potatoes, spraying with a 0.2% Chlormequat Chloride aqueous solution twice during the budding and early flowering stages can significantly increase the number of large potatoes, shorten the plant height, improve marketability, and significantly increase yield and value.
VI. Other Vegetables:
For carrots, cabbage, and celery, this treatment can inhibit bolting. Chlormequat Chloride can be sprayed before bolting occurs at a concentration of 4000-8000 mg/kg. The effectiveness of Chlormequat Chloride is temperature-dependent; the optimal temperature is 18-25℃. Therefore, it is best to apply the pesticide in the early morning, late evening, or on cloudy days. After application, ventilation is prohibited. For cold frames, window frames should be covered; for plastic greenhouses, small sheds should be placed over them or doors and windows should be closed to increase air temperature and promote pesticide absorption. Do not water within one day after application to avoid reducing efficacy. Applying the pesticide at midday is not recommended due to strong sunlight, high temperatures, and rapid evaporation, which can lead to pesticide damage. If the seedlings do not show signs of excessive growth, avoid using chlormequat chloride treatment. Even if excessive growth occurs, limit treatment to no more than two applications.
Application of Chlormequat Chloride in Vegetable Production:
I. Tomatoes:
Generally, from the 3-4 leaf stage to one week before transplanting, spray with a 50% Chlormequat Chloride solution diluted 2000-2500 times with water to a Chlormequat Chloride solution of 200-250 mg/kg. For small seedlings with slight etiolation, use a sprayer to evenly spray, ensuring the leaves and stems are completely and evenly covered with fine droplets without dripping. For larger seedlings with severe etiolation, use a spray bottle for spraying or watering, using 1 kg of diluted solution per square meter. Ensure even application to avoid localized over-application and potential phytotoxicity.
II. For chili peppers showing etiolation, spray with 20-25 mg/kg of Chlormequat Chloride at the initial flowering stage to inhibit stem and leaf growth, resulting in shorter, sturdier plants with darker green leaves and enhanced cold and drought resistance. Spraying with 100-125 mg/kg of Chlormequat Chloride solution during the flowering period can promote early maturity, stronger seedlings, and increased yield.
III. For eggplants, spraying with a 100-125 mg/kg Chlormequat Chloride solution during the flowering period can promote early maturity and increase yield.
IV. For summer lettuce, spraying with a 500 mg/kg Chlormequat Chloride aqueous solution 1-2 times during the seedling stage can effectively prevent excessive seedling growth. Spraying with a chlormequat chloride solution starting at the rosette stage can also prevent excessive growth and promote stem enlargement. The application method is once every 7-10 days, for a total of 2-3 times, at a concentration of 350 mg/kg. Preparation method: 10 mL/bottle of commercially available 50% aqueous solution, diluted with 10 kg of water, yields 500 mg/kg; diluted with 15 kg of water, yields 350 mg/kg.
V. For potatoes, spraying with a 0.2% Chlormequat Chloride aqueous solution twice during the budding and early flowering stages can significantly increase the number of large potatoes, shorten the plant height, improve marketability, and significantly increase yield and value.
VI. Other Vegetables:
For carrots, cabbage, and celery, this treatment can inhibit bolting. Chlormequat Chloride can be sprayed before bolting occurs at a concentration of 4000-8000 mg/kg. The effectiveness of Chlormequat Chloride is temperature-dependent; the optimal temperature is 18-25℃. Therefore, it is best to apply the pesticide in the early morning, late evening, or on cloudy days. After application, ventilation is prohibited. For cold frames, window frames should be covered; for plastic greenhouses, small sheds should be placed over them or doors and windows should be closed to increase air temperature and promote pesticide absorption. Do not water within one day after application to avoid reducing efficacy. Applying the pesticide at midday is not recommended due to strong sunlight, high temperatures, and rapid evaporation, which can lead to pesticide damage. If the seedlings do not show signs of excessive growth, avoid using chlormequat chloride treatment. Even if excessive growth occurs, limit treatment to no more than two applications.
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